21. Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases

0.0050 mol of gas undergoes the process 1→2→3 shown in FIGURE EX18.37. What are pressure p₂?

The interior of a Boeing 737-800 can be modeled as a 32-m-long, 3.7-m-diameter cylinder. The air inside, at cruising altitude, is 20°C at a pressure of 82 kPa. What volume of outside air, at −40°C and a pressure of 23 kPa, must be drawn in, heated, and compressed to fill the plane?

A sealed container holds 3.2 g of oxygen at 1 atm pressure and 20°C. The gas first undergoes an isobaric process that doubles the absolute temperature, then an isothermal process that halves the pressure. What is the final volume of the gas in L?

How well does the ideal gas law describe the pressurized air in a scuba tank? To fill a typical scuba tank, an air compressor intakes about 2300 L of air at 1.0 atm and compresses this gas into the tank’s 12-L internal volume. If the filling process occurs at 20°C, show that a tank holds about 96 mol of air.

In a gas at standard conditions, what is the length of the side of a cube that contains a number of molecules equal to the population of the earth (about $7\times {10}^9$ people)?

Photons of light scatter off molecules, and the distance you can see through a gas is proportional to the mean free path of photons through the gas. Photons are not gas molecules, so the mean free path of a photon is not given by Equation 20.3, but its dependence on the number density of the gas and on the molecular radius is the same. Suppose you are in a smoggy city and can barely see buildings 500 m away. How far would you be able to see if the temperature suddenly rose from 20°C to a blazing hot 1500°C with the pressure unchanged?

You have several identical balloons. You experimentally determine that a balloon will break if its volume exceeds $0.900$ L. The pressure of the gas inside the balloon equals air pressure ($1.00$ atm). If the air inside the balloon is at a constant $22.0$°C and behaves as an ideal gas, what mass of air can you blow into one of the balloons before it bursts?

A gas with initial state variables p₁, V₁, and T₁ expands isothermally until V₂ = 2V₁. What are T₁?

The solar corona is a very hot atmosphere surrounding the visible surface of the sun. X-ray emissions from the corona show that its temperature is about 2×10⁶ K. The gas pressure in the corona is about 0.03 Pa. Estimate the number density of particles in the solar corona.

A constant-volume gas thermometer registers an absolute pressure corresponding to $325$ mm of mercury when in contact with water at the triple point. What pressure does it read when in contact with water at the normal boiling point?

Five grams of nitrogen gas at an initial pressure of 3.0 atm and at 20°C undergo an isobaric expansion until the volume has tripled. What is the gas volume after the expansion?