19. Fluid Mechanics

How does the shape of an object affect the method used to measure its $Volume$?

Air flows through the tube shown in FIGURE P14.63. Assume that air is an ideal fluid. What is the volume flow rate?

Gold Brick.You win the lottery and decide to impress your friends by exhibiting a million-dollar cube of gold. At the time, gold is selling for \$1282 per troy ounce, and 1.0000 troy ounce equals 31.1035 g. How tall would your million-dollar cube be?

An unknown liquid flows smoothly through a 6.0-mm-diameter horizontal tube where the pressure gradient is 600 Pa/m. Then the tube diameter gradually shrinks to 3.0 mm. What is the pressure gradient in this narrower portion of the tube?

Which phrase best describes air density?

Why does cold air tend to sink in the atmosphere?

If the base of an insect’s leg has a radius of about 3.0 x 10^-5 m and the insect’s mass is 0.016 g, would you expect the six-legged insect to remain on top of the water? Why or why not?

Which of the following best describes the relationship between $T$ (air temperature) and $\rho$ (air density)?

In the Challenger Deep of the Marianas Trench, the depth of seawater is 10.9 km and the pressure is 1.16×10⁸ Pa (about 1.15×10³ atm). If a cubic meter of water is taken from the surface to this depth, what is the change in its volume? (Normal atmospheric pressure is about 1.0×10⁵ Pa. Assume that k for seawater is the same as the freshwater value given in Table 11.2.)

Given that the volume of an object is $5\mathrm{cm}{3}^{}$ and its mass is $55g$, what is its density in $g/\mathrm{cm}{3}^{}$?

Earthquakes are essentially sound waves—called seismic waves—traveling through the earth. Because the earth is solid, it can support both longitudinal and transverse seismic waves. The speed of longitudinal waves, called P waves, is 8000 m/s. Transverse waves, called S waves, travel at a slower 4500 m/s. A seismograph records the two waves from a distant earthquake. If the S wave arrives 2.0 min after the P wave, how far away was the earthquake? You can assume that the waves travel in straight lines, although actual seismic waves follow more complex routes.

At one point in a pipeline the water's speed is 3.00 m/s and the gauge pressure is 5.00×10⁴ Pa. Find the gauge pressure at a second point in the line, 11.0 m lower than the first, if the pipe diameter at the second point is twice that at the first.

20°C water flows at 1.5 m/s through a 10-m-long, 1.0-mm-diameter horizontal tube and then exits into the air. What is the gauge pressure in kPa at the point where the water enters the tube?

A square steel plate is 10.0 cm on a side and 0.500 cm thick. (a) Find the shear strain that results if a force of magnitude 9.0×10⁵ N is applied to each of the four sides, parallel to the side. (b) Find the displacement x (in centimeters).

A pressure difference of 6.00 × 10⁴ Pa is required to maintain a volume flow rate of 0.800m³/s for a viscous fluid flowing through a section of cylindrical pipe that has radius 0.210 m. What pressure difference is required to maintain the same volume flow rate if the radius of the pipe is decreased to 0.0700 m?