Textbook Question
Name the following alkenes.
(b)
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Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 7, Problem 17
Which constitutional isomer, A or B, would you expect to have the highest heat of combustion (∆Hcombustion)?
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Understand the concept: The heat of combustion (∆H꜀ₒₘ₆ᵤₛₜᵢₒₙ) is the energy released when one mole of a compound is completely burned in oxygen. For constitutional isomers, the compound with less stability will have a higher heat of combustion because it starts at a higher energy level.
Analyze the structures of isomers A and B: Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. Look for factors such as branching, which can influence stability. More branching generally increases stability, while less branching decreases it.
Compare branching in A and B: Determine which isomer is more branched. A more branched isomer will be more stable due to reduced steric strain and better distribution of electron density, leading to a lower heat of combustion.
Relate stability to heat of combustion: The less stable isomer (less branched) will have a higher heat of combustion because it has more potential energy to release during combustion.
Conclude which isomer has the higher heat of combustion: Based on the branching analysis, identify whether A or B is less stable and thus has the higher ∆H꜀ₒₘ₆ᵤₛₜᵢₒₙ.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Constitutional Isomers
Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity of their atoms. This means that the arrangement of atoms in space is different, leading to distinct chemical and physical properties. Understanding the structural differences between isomers is crucial for predicting their reactivity and stability.
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What is a constitutional isomer?
Heat of Combustion (∆H꜀ₒₘ₆ᵤₛₜᵢₒₙ)
The heat of combustion is the amount of energy released when a substance is completely burned in oxygen. It is typically expressed in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mol). The heat of combustion can provide insights into the stability of a compound; generally, more stable compounds release less energy upon combustion compared to less stable ones.
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Stability and Energy Considerations
In organic chemistry, the stability of a molecule is often related to its energy content. More stable isomers tend to have lower energy and, consequently, a lower heat of combustion. Factors influencing stability include steric hindrance, degree of branching, and the presence of functional groups. Analyzing these factors helps predict which isomer will have a higher heat of combustion.
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03:43The radical stability trend.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
How many stereoisomers are possible (a) for 4-methylnona-2,7-diene? (b) For 6-chloronona-2,4,7-triene?
2
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Textbook Question
For the following terpenes, identify the isoprene units. In cross-linked or ring-containing terpenes, linkages can be formed between more than just C1 and C4 of isoprene
(c)
2
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Textbook Question
For the following terpenes, identify the isoprene units. In cross-linked or ring-containing terpenes, linkages can be formed between more than just C1 and C4 of isoprene.
(a)
1
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Textbook Question
Given the name, draw the structure of the following alkenes.
(c) (Z)-3-isopropylhept-3-ene
2
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Textbook Question
For the following terpenes, identify the isoprene units. In cross-linked or ring-containing terpenes, linkages can be formed between more than just C1 and C4 of isoprene
(b)
6
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