Textbook Question
For the following molecules, give the integration you would expect for the signal associated with the hydrogens at the labeled carbons. [Pay attention to the symmetry, or lack of symmetry, in the molecules.]
(c)
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Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471
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Table of contents
- Ch. 2 - General Chemistry Translated: Finding the Electrons114
- Ch. 3 - Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Properties and Conformational Analysis109
- Ch. 4 - Acids and Bases: Electron Flow144
- Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics118
- Ch. 6 - Stereoisomerism: Arrangement of Atoms in Space112
- Ch. 7 - Principles of Green (Organic) Chemistry3
- Ch. 8 - Alkenes I: Properties and Electrophilic Additions158
- Ch. 9 - Alkenes II: Oxidation and Reduction150
- Ch. 10 - Alkynes: Electrophilic Addition and Redox Reactions101
- Ch. 11 - Properties and Synthesis of Alkyl Halides: Radical Reactions108
- Ch. 12 - Substitution and Elimination: Reactions of Haloalkanes172
- Ch. 13 - Alcohols, Ethers and Related Compounds: Substitution and Elimination239
- Ch. 14 - Structural Identification I: Infrared Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry54
- Ch. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy93
- Ch. 16 - Metals in Organic Chemistry48
- Ch. 17 - Carbonyl Addition Reactions: Aldehydes and Ketones45
- Ch. 18 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution I: Carboxylic Acids18
- Ch. 19 - Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution II: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives39
- Ch. 20 - Enolates: Carbonyl Addition and Substitution13
- Ch. 21 - Conjugated Systems I: Stability and Addition Reactions56
- Ch. 22 - Conjugated Systems II: Pericyclic Reactions54
- Ch. 23 - Benzene I: Aromatic Stability and Substitution Reactions64
- Ch. 24 - Benzene II: Reactions Influenced by the Aromatic Ring62
- Ch. 25 - Amines: Structure, Reactions, and Synthesis27
- Ch. 26 - Amino Acids, Proteins, and Peptide Synthesis9
- Ch. 27 - Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids54
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Mullins 1st EditionCh. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyProblem 58e
Mullins 1st EditionCh. 15 - Structural Identification II: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyProblem 58eChapter 14, Problem 58e
For the following molecules, give the integration you would expect for the signal associated with the hydrogens at the labeled carbons. [Pay attention to the symmetry, or lack of symmetry, in the molecules.]
(e) 
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the labeled carbon atoms in the molecule and determine the number of hydrogen atoms attached to each labeled carbon.
Consider the symmetry of the molecule. Symmetrical molecules may have equivalent hydrogens, which will affect the integration of NMR signals.
For each set of equivalent hydrogens, determine the total number of hydrogens. This number will be directly proportional to the integration value of the NMR signal.
If the molecule is symmetrical, group the equivalent hydrogens together and sum their contributions to the integration.
Express the integration values as ratios, reflecting the relative number of hydrogens contributing to each signal in the NMR spectrum.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
NMR Spectroscopy
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy is a technique used to determine the structure of organic compounds by observing the behavior of nuclei in a magnetic field. In NMR, the integration of signals corresponds to the number of hydrogen atoms contributing to each signal, providing insight into the molecular structure and symmetry.
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General NMR Features
Integration in NMR
Integration in NMR refers to the area under the peaks in an NMR spectrum, which is proportional to the number of hydrogen atoms that produce each signal. By analyzing the integration values, chemists can deduce the relative number of hydrogens in different environments within a molecule, which is crucial for structural elucidation.
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Molecular Symmetry
Molecular symmetry involves the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule that results in equivalent environments for certain atoms or groups. Symmetry affects the NMR signals by potentially reducing the number of unique signals, as equivalent hydrogens will produce the same signal, simplifying the analysis of the spectrum.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
For the following molecules, give the integration you would expect for the signal associated with the hydrogens at the labeled carbons. [Pay attention to the symmetry, or lack of symmetry, in the molecules.]
(f)
1
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Textbook Question
How many distinct signals would you expect to see in the ¹H NMR spectrum of the following molecules? [Ignore diastereotopic hydrogens for the sake of this assessment.]
(c)
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Textbook Question
How many distinct signals would you expect to see in the ¹H NMR spectrum of the following molecules? [Ignore diastereotopic hydrogens for the sake of this assessment.]
(f)
2
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Textbook Question
For the following molecules, give the chemical shift for each indicated hydrogen.
(b)
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Textbook Question
For the following molecules, give the chemical shift for each indicated hydrogen.
(d)
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