Textbook Question
What is the conjugate base of each of the following?
1. NH3
2. HBr
3. HNO3
4. H2O
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Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic ChemistryProblem 2g,h
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic ChemistryProblem 2g,hChapter 3, Problem 2g,h
Consider the following reaction:
HBr + -C≡N ⇌ Br− + HC≡N
g. What is the conjugate base of the acid on the right?
h. What is the conjugate acid of the base on the right?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of conjugate acid-base pairs. A conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton (H⁺), and a conjugate acid is formed when a base accepts a proton.
Step 2: Analyze the reaction provided. On the right side of the equilibrium, the acid is HC≡N (hydrogen cyanide). To find its conjugate base, remove a proton (H⁺) from HC≡N.
Step 3: Write the chemical formula for the conjugate base of HC≡N. Removing a proton from HC≡N results in C≡N⁻ (cyanide ion). This is the conjugate base of the acid HC≡N.
Step 4: On the right side of the equilibrium, the base is Br⁻ (bromide ion). To find its conjugate acid, add a proton (H⁺) to Br⁻.
Step 5: Write the chemical formula for the conjugate acid of Br⁻. Adding a proton to Br⁻ results in HBr (hydrogen bromide). This is the conjugate acid of the base Br⁻.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
In acid-base chemistry, a conjugate acid is formed when a base gains a proton (H+), while a conjugate base is what remains after an acid donates a proton. Understanding these pairs is crucial for identifying the relationships between acids and bases in a reaction.
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Base Pairing Concept 1
Acidity and Basicity
Acidity refers to the tendency of a substance to donate protons, while basicity refers to the ability to accept protons. The strength of an acid or base can influence the direction of a reaction and the stability of the resulting conjugate pairs.
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06:21Understanding the difference between basicity and nucleophilicity.
Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions
Acid-base reactions often reach a state of equilibrium, where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. This concept is essential for understanding how to identify conjugate acids and bases in a given reaction, as it helps predict the predominant species present at equilibrium.
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04:00Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following are not acids?
CH3COOH, CO2 , HNO2 , HCOOH, CCl4
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Textbook Question
What is the conjugate acid of each of the following?
1. NH3
2. Cl−
3. HO−
4. H2O
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Textbook Question
a. Which is a stronger acid: one with a pKa of 5.2 or one with a pKa of 5.8?
b. Which is a stronger acid: one with an acid dissociation constant of 3.4 × 10−3 or one with an acid dissociation constant of 2.1 × 10−4?
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Textbook Question
Consider the following reaction: HBr + -C≡N ⇌ Br− + HC≡N
a. What is the acid on the left side of the equation?
b. What is the base on the left side of the equation?
2
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Textbook Question
Consider the following reaction:
HBr + -C≡N ⇌ Br− + HC≡N
c. What is the conjugate base of the acid on the left?
d. What is the conjugate acid of the base on the left?
2
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