Textbook Question
What is the conjugate base of each of the following?
1. NH3
2. HBr
3. HNO3
4. H2O
1
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Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic ChemistryProblem 2c,d
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic ChemistryProblem 2c,dChapter 3, Problem 2c,d
Consider the following reaction:
HBr + -C≡N ⇌ Br− + HC≡N
c. What is the conjugate base of the acid on the left?
d. What is the conjugate acid of the base on the left?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Identify the acid and base on the left side of the reaction. The acid is HBr, and the base is -C≡N (cyanide ion).
Step 2: Recall the definition of a conjugate base. The conjugate base is formed when an acid donates a proton (H⁺). In this case, HBr donates a proton to form Br⁻.
Step 3: Conclude that the conjugate base of HBr (the acid on the left) is Br⁻.
Step 4: Recall the definition of a conjugate acid. The conjugate acid is formed when a base accepts a proton (H⁺). In this case, -C≡N accepts a proton to form HC≡N.
Step 5: Conclude that the conjugate acid of -C≡N (the base on the left) is HC≡N.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs
In acid-base chemistry, a conjugate acid is formed when a base gains a proton (H+), while a conjugate base is formed when an acid loses a proton. This relationship is crucial for understanding the dynamics of acid-base reactions, as it helps identify how substances interact in equilibrium. For example, in the reaction provided, HBr acts as an acid, and its conjugate base is Br−.
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Base Pairing Concept 1
Equilibrium in Acid-Base Reactions
Acid-base reactions often reach a state of equilibrium, where the forward and reverse reactions occur at the same rate. This means that the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant over time. Understanding this concept is essential for determining the direction of the reaction and the strength of the acids and bases involved, as seen in the reaction between HBr and cyanide.
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Guided course
04:00Determining Acid/Base Equilibrium
Strength of Acids and Bases
The strength of an acid or base is determined by its ability to donate or accept protons. Strong acids completely dissociate in solution, while weak acids only partially dissociate. This concept is important for predicting the behavior of substances in reactions, such as identifying the conjugate acid and base in the given equilibrium, where HBr is a strong acid and CN− is a weak base.
Recommended video:
2:50Acid-Base Catalysis Concept 3
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following are not acids?
CH3COOH, CO2 , HNO2 , HCOOH, CCl4
4
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Textbook Question
What is the conjugate acid of each of the following?
1. NH3
2. Cl−
3. HO−
4. H2O
2
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Textbook Question
Consider the following reaction: HBr + -C≡N ⇌ Br− + HC≡N
a. What is the acid on the left side of the equation?
b. What is the base on the left side of the equation?
2
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Textbook Question
Consider the following reaction:
HBr + -C≡N ⇌ Br− + HC≡N
g. What is the conjugate base of the acid on the right?
h. What is the conjugate acid of the base on the right?
1
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