Textbook Question
Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond angles in the following compounds:
d. N2
2
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Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)Problem 39e
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)Problem 39eChapter 2, Problem 39e
Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond angles in the following compounds:
e. BF3
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the central atom in BF3. Boron (B) is the central atom, as it is less electronegative than fluorine (F) and can form three bonds.
Determine the hybridization of the central atom. Boron in BF3 forms three sigma bonds with fluorine atoms. To achieve this, boron undergoes sp² hybridization, which involves mixing one s orbital and two p orbitals to form three equivalent sp² hybrid orbitals.
Describe the geometry of the molecule. The sp² hybridization results in a trigonal planar geometry, where the three sp² hybrid orbitals are arranged 120° apart in a plane to minimize electron pair repulsion.
Explain the bond angles. In a trigonal planar geometry, the bond angles between the fluorine atoms are approximately 120°.
Discuss the orbitals involved in bonding. Each B-F bond is formed by the overlap of a boron sp² hybrid orbital with a fluorine p orbital, resulting in a sigma bond.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hybridization
Hybridization is the process by which atomic orbitals mix to form new hybrid orbitals that are suitable for the pairing of electrons to form chemical bonds. In BF3, the boron atom undergoes sp2 hybridization, resulting in three equivalent sp2 hybrid orbitals that are oriented in a planar arrangement.
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Using bond sites to predict hybridization
Bond Angles
Bond angles are the angles formed between adjacent bonds in a molecule, which are influenced by the arrangement of electron pairs around the central atom. In BF3, the bond angles are approximately 120 degrees due to the trigonal planar geometry resulting from the sp2 hybridization of boron.
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Molecular Geometry
Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms in a molecule. BF3 has a trigonal planar geometry, which arises from the arrangement of the three fluorine atoms around the central boron atom, minimizing electron pair repulsion according to VSEPR theory.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Predict the approximate bond angles for
c. the H—C—N bond angle in (CH3)2NH.
d. the H—C—O bond angle in CH3OCH3
3
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Textbook Question
Which of the following molecules would you expect to have a dipole moment of zero?
a. CH3CH3
b. H2C═O
c. CH2Cl2
2
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Textbook Question
What is the hybridization of each of the C, N, and O atoms in the following compounds:
1
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Textbook Question
Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond angles in the following compounds:
a. CH3O-
3
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Textbook Question
Describe the orbitals used in bonding and the bond angles in the following compounds:
c. H2CO
2
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