Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between matter, chemical elements, and atoms?

Accepted Answer

Matter is composed of chemical elements, which are made of atoms.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge, a mass of 1 AMU, and is located in the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 3

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its atomic number and mass number?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number $$= 6$$, Mass number $$= 12$$

Question 4

Which element is most likely to be unreactive due to a full valence shell, according to the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Neon

Question 5

How many neutrons are present in an atom of oxygen with atomic number 8 and mass number 16?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 6

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

Carbon-13 and Carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon. What makes them different from Carbon-12?

Accepted Answer

They have more neutrons than Carbon-12.

Question 8

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5,730 years. How many years will it take for a sample to decay to $$\frac{1}{4} of $$its original amount?

Accepted Answer

$$11,460$$ years

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a use of radioactive isotopes in real-world applications?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the stability of atoms in living organisms

Question 10

Which of the following statements about electron energy shells is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Shells closest to the nucleus contain electrons with lower energy.

Question 11

How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom (atomic number 7) have?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 12

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An interaction between two atoms resulting from the sharing of electrons.

Question 13

What makes a covalent bond nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

The bonded atoms share electrons equally and have similar electronegativities.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE about polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

One atom has a partial negative charge due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 15

The hydrogens and oxygen of a water molecule are held together by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 16

Which of the following is a weak non-covalent bond commonly found in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 17

What is the main difference between an anion and a cation?

Accepted Answer

Anions have more electrons than protons, while cations have fewer electrons than protons.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of opposite charges attract each other.

Question 19

Which of the following atoms would be most likely to lose an electron and become a cation of +1?

Accepted Answer

An atom with one electron in its outer shell.

Question 20

Which property of the bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule makes it a polar bond?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.

Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding: Foundations for Organic Chemistry

Study Guide - Practice Questions