22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS

Show how the following compounds could be prepared from the given starting materials. You can use any necessary organic or inorganic reagents.

b.

Which ester hydrolyzes more rapidly? b. phenyl acetate or benzyl acetate?

What are the products of the following reactions?

d.

What products would you expect to obtain from the following reactions?

c. urea + water

d. β-ethylglutaric acid + acetyl chloride + Δ

Show how the following compounds could be prepared from the given starting materials. You can use any necessary organic or inorganic reagents.

a.

Which alkyl halides form the carboxylic acids listed here after reaction with sodium cyanide followed by heating the product in an acidic aqueous solution?

a. butyric acid

b. isovaleric acid