29. Amino Acids

Which of the following C-terminal peptide bonds is more readily cleaved by carboxypeptidase A? Explain your choice.

Ser-Ala-Leu or Ser-Ala-Asp

Amino acids are joined together by which kind of bond?

α-Amino acids can be prepared by treating an aldehyde with ammonia/trace acid, followed by hydrogen cyanide, followed by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis.

b. What amino acid is formed when the aldehyde that is used is 3-methylbutanal?

c. What aldehyde is needed to prepare isoleucine?

Show how valine can be prepared by

d. a N-phthalimidomalonic ester synthesis. 

Which of the following macromolecules is made up of amino acids?

Amino acids are joined together into a protein chain by which of the following types of bonds?

Give equations for the formation and hydrogenolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl methionine.

For the enzyme isopentenyl pyrophosphate isomerase, IPP binds tightly as a result of interactions between the active site amino acid residues and the diphosphate of IPP. Without concerning yourself with the structure of amino acids, what charges might you expect to be present in the active site to hold IPP in place so that the enzymatic reactions can occur?

Propose a mechanism for each step in the synthesis in part (a).

Which tool is used to determine the specific triplet codons that correspond to each amino acid?

The unique properties of the 20 common amino acids are determined by which of the following?

The codon $\text{UAA}$ is known as a stop codon. What does it code for in protein synthesis?

How did Hershey and Chase use radioactivity to determine whether proteins or $\mathrm{DNA}$ were the genetic material?

Show how valine can be prepared by

c. a reductive amination.

Which of the following correctly describes peptidoglycan?