3. Acids and Bases

Which reaction mechanism is most commonly associated with the conversion of a primary alkyl halide to an alcohol using aqueous ${\mathrm{Na}}_{\mathrm{OH}}$?

In the following reaction mechanism, a carbocation rearrangement occurs. Select the intermediate formed immediately after a hydride shift from a secondary to a tertiary carbon: CH$3_2$CH$2_1$CH$2_2$Br + H$2_2$O → ?

Which set of conditions would carry out the following transformation: conversion of an alkene to a vicinal diol (glycol) via syn addition?

Which statement best describes the purpose of drawing curved arrows in an organic reaction mechanism?

For practice in recognizing mechanisms, classify each reaction according to the type of mechanism you expect:

1. Free-radical chain reaction

2. Reaction involving strong bases and strong nucleophiles

3. Reaction involving strong acids and strong electrophiles

(b)

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of the reaction between ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{Br}$ and $\mathrm{OH}-$ in aqueous solution?

Which of the following statements is correct about the $S_{\mathrm{N}}2$ reaction mechanism?

In the reaction of 1,3-butadiene with $H_{2}O$ in the presence of acid, what is the kinetically controlled product?

Each of these compounds can react as a nucleophile. In each case, use curved arrows to show how the nucleophile would react with the strong electrophile BF₃.

(e) CH₃CH₂OH

In organic chemistry, reaction mechanisms will always have a minimum of how many steps?

Which of the following best describes the mechanism for the formation of a $2_{,}{4}_{-}\text{dinitrophenylhydrazone}$ derivative from $\text{cyclohexanone}$?

Which of the following correctly completes the mechanism for the acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of an ester?

Which graph best represents the energy profile of a reaction when an enzyme is present?

Which of the following best describes the stepwise mechanism for the acid-catalyzed hydration of $C_2{H}_4$ (ethylene) to form ethanol?

Which of the following best describes the role of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{OH}$ in the two-step mechanism for the conversion of ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COCl}$ to ${\mathrm{CH}}_3\mathrm{COOCH}{3}_{}$?