1. A Review of General Chemistry

What orbitals are used to form the carbon–carbon s bond between the highlighted carbons?

a.

b.

c.

Draw the molecular orbital picture for propane. Your picture should clearly show the shape and hybridization of the carbons. Label all σ bonds.

Explain why a σ bond formed by overlap of an s orbital with an sp³ orbital of carbon is stronger than a σ bond formed by overlap of an s orbital with a p orbital of carbon.

Predict the hybridization and geometry of the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the following molecules and ions. (Hint: Resonance.)

e.