1. A Review of General Chemistry

Look at the relative positions of each pair of atoms listed here in the periodic table. How many core electrons does each have? How many valence electrons does each have?

c. nitrogen and phosphorus

d. magnesium and calcium

Which of the following molecules shows an appropriate number of bonds around each carbon atom?

How many valence electrons do the following atoms have?

a. boron

b. nitrogen

Given a carbon atom labeled as $b$ that forms four single bonds and has no formal charge, how many hydrogen atoms can be attached to carbon $b$?

What is the bond order of the $C-C$ bond in acetylene (ethyne)?

How many covalent bonds can a typical $C$ atom form?

Given a carbon atom with four single bonds ($C_4$), how many hydrogen atoms ($H_{\mathrm{n}}$) can be attached to it if it is not bonded to any other atoms besides hydrogen?

Which of the following best explains why carbon atoms tend to form $4$ covalent bonds?

In organic molecules, how many covalent bonds does a carbon atom typically form?

A $\mathrm{carbon}$ atom is most likely to form which of the following bonds with other atoms?

Which property of carbon allows it to form chains of almost unlimited length?

Give the charge most likely to result from ionization of the following nonmetals.

(b) Sulfur

Fill in the blank. Oxygen ionizes to become ― 2 instead of ― 1 because O^2- is more ___________   .

According to their typical bonding preferences, carbon can form $—$ covalent bond(s) and nitrogen can form $—$.

Which statement best explains why a carbon atom can bond with itself easily?