Textbook Question
The molecular orbital picture of H2 can be represented by the following diagram. Label σ and σ* on the diagram—that is, which is (a) and which is (b)? Which is lower in energy? Why?
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1. A Review of General Chemistry
Sigma and Pi Bonds
Multiple Choice
In the formation of and bonds, which type of electrons are primarily involved?
A
Valence electrons
B
Free electrons
C
Core electrons
D
Inner shell electrons
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of valence electrons: Valence electrons are the outermost electrons of an atom and are primarily involved in chemical bonding. They are responsible for the formation of sigma and pi bonds.
Differentiate between sigma and pi bonds: Sigma bonds (
) are formed by the head-on overlap of atomic orbitals, while pi bonds (
) are formed by the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals.
Identify the role of valence electrons in sigma bonds: In sigma bonds, valence electrons are shared between atoms, allowing the formation of a single covalent bond.
Identify the role of valence electrons in pi bonds: Pi bonds involve the sharing of valence electrons in the side-to-side overlap of p orbitals, typically found in double and triple bonds.
Clarify why other types of electrons are not involved: Free electrons, core electrons, and inner shell electrons are not typically involved in bonding because they are either not bound to any atom or are too close to the nucleus to participate in bonding interactions.
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