Textbook Question
What is the molecular formula for each of the following?
a. a 4-carbon hydrocarbon with two bonds and no rings
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Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 1)31
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding (Part 2)65
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds:Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
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Bruice 8th EditionCh. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and KineticsProblem 2b
Bruice 8th EditionCh. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and KineticsProblem 2bChapter 6, Problem 2b
What is the molecular formula for each of the following?
b. a 10-carbon hydrocarbon with one bond and 2 rings
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Recall the general molecular formula for an alkane, which is CnH2n+2. This formula applies to a saturated hydrocarbon with no rings or π bonds.
Step 2: Understand the impact of rings and π bonds on the molecular formula. Each ring or π bond reduces the number of hydrogens by 2. This is because they introduce a degree of unsaturation.
Step 3: For a 10-carbon hydrocarbon (C10), start with the alkane formula: C10H22. Then, account for the unsaturation. Since there are 2 rings and 1 π bond, the total reduction in hydrogens is 2 × 2 (for the rings) + 2 (for the π bond) = 6 hydrogens.
Step 4: Subtract the reduction in hydrogens from the original alkane formula. This gives C10H22−6, which simplifies to C10H16.
Step 5: Conclude that the molecular formula for a 10-carbon hydrocarbon with one π bond and 2 rings is C10H16.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They can be classified into aliphatic (straight or branched chains) and aromatic (ring structures) hydrocarbons. Understanding the structure and types of hydrocarbons is essential for determining their molecular formulas and properties.
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Molecular Formula
The molecular formula of a compound indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule. For hydrocarbons, it is expressed as CnH2n+2 for saturated hydrocarbons, but this formula changes with the presence of double bonds (p bonds) and rings, which reduce the number of hydrogen atoms. Accurately deriving the molecular formula requires accounting for these structural features.
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Cyclic Compounds and Double Bonds
Cyclic compounds contain one or more rings in their structure, which can affect their reactivity and stability. The presence of a double bond (p bond) introduces unsaturation, which further influences the molecular formula. In a 10-carbon hydrocarbon with one p bond and two rings, the molecular formula must reflect these characteristics, leading to fewer hydrogen atoms than a fully saturated hydrocarbon.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:
a. C3H6
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Textbook Question
Determine the degree of unsaturation and then draw possible structures for noncyclic compounds with the following molecular formulas:
b. C3H4
Textbook Question
What is the molecular formula for a 5-carbon hydrocarbon with one bond and one ring?
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Textbook Question
Name the following:
b.
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Textbook Question
Determine the degree of unsaturation for hydrocarbons with the following molecular formulas:
c. C12H20
d. C40H56
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