Textbook Question
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.
______Graft-versus-host disease can follow a bone marrow isograft.
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Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - A Brief History of Microbiology31
- Ch. 2 - The Chemistry of Microbiology28
- Ch. 3 - Cell Structure and Function39
- Ch. 4 - Microscopy, Staining, and Classification25
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism51
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Nutrition and Growth37
- Ch. 7 - Microbial Genetics51
- Ch. 8 - Recombinant DNA Technology21
- Ch. 9 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Environment36
- Ch. 10 - Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body: Antimicrobial Drugs21
- Ch. 11 - Characterizing and Classifying Prokaryotes29
- Ch. 12 - Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes34
- Ch. 13 - Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions23
- Ch. 14 - Infection, Infectious Diseases, and Epidemiology35
- Ch. 15 - Innate Immunity34
- Ch. 16 - Adaptive Immunity21
- Ch. 17 - Immunization and Immune Testing29
- Ch. 18 - Immune Disorders22
- Ch. 19 - Pathogenic Gram-Positive Bacteria25
- Ch. 20 - Pathogenic Gram-Negative Cocci and Bacilli28
- Ch. 21 - Rickettsias, Chlamydias, Spirochetes, and Vibrios25
- Ch. 22 - Pathogenic Fungi47
- Ch. 23 - Parasitic Protozoa, Helminths, and Arthropod Vectors44
- Ch. 24 - Pathogenic DNA Viruses23
- Ch. 25 - Pathogenic RNA Viruses30
- Ch. 26 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology29
- Ch. 27 - Microbial Ecology and Microbiomes22
Bauman6th EditionMicrobiology with Diseases by TaxonomyISBN: 9780134832302Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 18, Problem 6
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
a. A heart attack
b. Acute anaphylaxis
c. Farmer’s lung
d. Graft-versus-host disease
e. Systemic lupus erythematosus
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the definition of an autoimmune disease. Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, recognizing them as foreign.
Step 2: Review each option to determine if it fits the criteria of an autoimmune disease:
Step 3: Analyze option (a) A heart attack – this is caused by blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, not by immune system attacking self-tissues, so it is not autoimmune.
Step 4: Analyze option (b) Acute anaphylaxis – this is a severe allergic reaction caused by hypersensitivity to an external allergen, not an autoimmune response.
Step 5: Analyze option (c) Farmer’s lung – this is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis caused by inhalation of organic dust, an immune reaction to external antigens, not autoimmune.
Step 6: Analyze option (d) Graft-versus-host disease – this occurs when transplanted immune cells attack the recipient’s tissues; it is an immune reaction but not an autoimmune disease because the immune cells are foreign.
Step 7: Analyze option (e) Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) – this is a classic autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks multiple organs and tissues of the body.
Step 8: Conclude that the correct answer is the option that represents an autoimmune disease, which is systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Autoimmune Disease
An autoimmune disease occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, leading to chronic inflammation and tissue damage. Examples include systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Understanding this helps differentiate autoimmune conditions from other immune-related disorders.
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Hypersensitivity Reactions
Hypersensitivity reactions are exaggerated immune responses to antigens, classified into four types (I-IV). Acute anaphylaxis is a type I hypersensitivity involving rapid allergic reactions, while farmer’s lung is a type III hypersensitivity caused by immune complex deposition. Recognizing these helps distinguish allergic and immune complex diseases from autoimmune diseases.
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Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
GVHD is a condition where transplanted donor immune cells attack the recipient's tissues, commonly after bone marrow transplants. It is an immune-mediated disease but not autoimmune, as the immune response is directed against foreign host tissues rather than self. This distinction is key in identifying autoimmune diseases.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Infection with HIV causes __________.
a. Primary immunodeficiency disease
b. Acquired hypersensitivity syndrome
c. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
d. Anaphylactic immunodeficiency diseases
e. Combined immunodeficiency diseases
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Textbook Question
Compare and contrast the functions of four classes of immunosuppressive drugs.
Textbook Question
A deficiency of both B cells and T cells is most likely a(n):
a. Secondary immunodeficiency
b. Complex immunodeficiency
c. Acquired immunodeficiency
d. Primary immunodeficiency
e. Induced immunodeficiency
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Textbook Question
When a surgeon conducts a cardiac bypass operation by transplanting a piece of vein from a patient’s leg to the same patient’s heart, this is a(n):
a. Rejected graft
b. Autograft
c. Allograft
d. Type IV hypersensitivity
e. Cardiograft
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Textbook Question
A positive tuberculin skin test indicates that a patient not immunized against tuberculosis:
a. Is free of tuberculosis
b. Is shedding Mycobacterium
c. Has been exposed to tuberculosis antigens
d. Is susceptible to tuberculosis
e. Is resistant to tuberculosis
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