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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) quiz

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  • What is the most common bacterial cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?
    Escherichia coli (E. coli) is the most common cause, responsible for over 70% of UTI cases.
  • Name two other bacteria, besides E. coli, that can cause UTIs.
    Proteus and Klebsiella are two other bacteria that can cause UTIs.
  • What is the typical cause of fungal UTIs?
    Fungal UTIs are usually caused by Candida albicans.
  • Why are UTIs more common in females than males?
    Females have a shorter urethra and the urethra is closer to the anus, increasing the risk of bacterial entry.
  • What is the term for infection of the urethra?
    Infection of the urethra is called urethritis.
  • What symptoms are commonly associated with lower UTIs?
    Lower UTIs commonly cause dysuria (painful urination) and frequent urination.
  • What is cystitis?
    Cystitis is an infection of the bladder.
  • What is pyelonephritis?
    Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection, considered an upper UTI.
  • What symptoms are typical of upper UTIs like pyelonephritis?
    Upper UTIs often cause high fever and flank or back pain.
  • What diagnostic test detects nitrites and leukocyte esterase in urine?
    A dipstick test is used to detect nitrites and leukocyte esterase in urine.
  • What does the presence of nitrites in urine indicate?
    Nitrites in urine indicate bacterial conversion of nitrates, suggesting a UTI.
  • What is the significance of leukocyte esterase in urine?
    Leukocyte esterase indicates the presence of white blood cells, which suggests infection.
  • What is the threshold of colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter that typically indicates a UTI?
    100,000 CFUs per milliliter is the common threshold for diagnosing a UTI.
  • Name two antibiotics commonly used to treat UTIs.
    Nitrofurantoin and sulfa drugs (like trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) are commonly used.
  • Why is prevention important for UTIs?
    No immunity develops after a UTI, and previous infections increase the risk of recurrence, making prevention essential.