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Reviewing the 4 Types of Hypersensitivities quiz

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  • What does the 'A' in the ACID mnemonic for hypersensitivities stand for?
    The 'A' stands for Allergic reaction, which refers to Type I hypersensitivity.
  • Which antibody is responsible for mediating Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
    IgE antibodies mediate Type I hypersensitivity reactions.
  • What is the typical time frame for a Type I hypersensitivity reaction to occur after exposure to an allergen?
    Type I hypersensitivity reactions occur immediately, usually within about 30 minutes.
  • What are common examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
    Examples include allergic reactions to dust, pollen, animal dander, hay fever, and food allergies.
  • What is the main immune reactant in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
    IgG and/or IgM antibodies are the main immune reactants in Type II hypersensitivity.
  • What type of antigens are targeted in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?
    Type II hypersensitivity targets cell-bound antigens or antigens in the extracellular matrix.
  • Name two clinical examples of Type II hypersensitivity reactions.
    Hemolytic transfusion reactions and hemolytic disease of the newborn are examples.
  • What is the main difference in immune reactants between Type III and Type IV hypersensitivity?
    Type III is mediated by IgG/IgM antibodies, while Type IV is mediated by T cells, not antibodies.
  • What is the typical time frame for Type IV hypersensitivity reactions to develop?
    Type IV reactions are delayed, usually occurring 24 to 72 hours after antigen exposure.
  • What is a classic example of a Type IV hypersensitivity reaction?
    Contact dermatitis, such as the rash from poison ivy, is a classic example.
  • How do immune complexes contribute to tissue damage in Type III hypersensitivity?
    Small immune complexes deposit in tissues, activate complement, and cause inflammation and tissue damage.
  • What is the main mechanism of tissue damage in Type IV hypersensitivity?
    Sensitized T cells recognize antigen and promote inflammation, leading to tissue damage.
  • Which hypersensitivity type is most commonly associated with systemic anaphylaxis?
    Type I hypersensitivity is most commonly associated with systemic anaphylaxis.
  • What is the role of mast cells and basophils in Type I hypersensitivity?
    IgE antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, and allergen binding triggers degranulation and release of inflammatory mediators.
  • Which hypersensitivity type is involved in transplant rejection and the tuberculin skin test?
    Type IV (delayed T cell-mediated) hypersensitivity is involved in both transplant rejection and the tuberculin skin test.