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Review of Adaptive Immunity quiz

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  • Where do T cells and B cells fully mature before migrating to secondary lymphoid organs?
    T cells mature in the thymus and B cells mature in the bone marrow, which are the primary lymphoid organs.
  • What does it mean for T cells and B cells to be in their naive state?
    Naive state means the cells are inactive and have not yet encountered their specific antigen.
  • How are T cells activated in adaptive immunity?
    T cells are activated when antigen presenting cells, like dendritic cells, present antigens to them on MHC molecules.
  • Which MHC class do dendritic cells use to present antigens to cytotoxic T cells?
    Dendritic cells use MHC Class 1 to present antigens to cytotoxic T cells.
  • Which MHC class do dendritic cells use to present antigens to helper T cells?
    Dendritic cells use MHC Class 2 to present antigens to helper T cells.
  • What are the two main types of cells that activated T cells can differentiate into?
    Activated T cells can differentiate into effector cells and memory cells.
  • What is the function of effector cytotoxic T cells?
    Effector cytotoxic T cells induce apoptosis in cells infected with intracellular pathogens, limiting pathogen spread.
  • What is the main role of effector helper T cells?
    Effector helper T cells activate other immune cells, such as macrophages and B cells, often by releasing cytokines.
  • How do helper T cells activate macrophages?
    Helper T cells release cytokines that enhance macrophage killing power and destructive abilities.
  • How are B cells activated in adaptive immunity?
    B cells are activated when they bind and process their specific antigen, present it on MHC Class 2, and are then activated by effector helper T cells.
  • Into what two cell types can activated B cells differentiate?
    Activated B cells can differentiate into plasma cells and memory B cells.
  • What is the function of plasma cells in adaptive immunity?
    Plasma cells secrete antibodies, which tag pathogens for removal and mediate various immune responses.
  • Why are memory cells important in adaptive immunity?
    Memory cells enable a faster and stronger response upon future exposure to the same antigen.
  • What is meant by the specificity of adaptive immunity?
    Each T cell and B cell responds to one very specific antigen, making adaptive immunity highly specific.
  • Why is diversity among T cells and B cells important?
    Diversity allows the immune system to respond to a wide variety of different antigens.