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Discovering the Structure of DNA quiz

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  • What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to capture photo 51?
    Rosalind Franklin used x-ray diffraction to capture photo 51.
  • What key structural feature of DNA did photo 51 provide evidence for?
    Photo 51 provided evidence that DNA has a double helix structure.
  • Who used Franklin's photo 51 to help describe the structure of DNA?
    James Watson and Francis Crick used Franklin's photo 51 to help describe the structure of DNA.
  • How did Watson and Crick describe the arrangement of DNA strands?
    Watson and Crick described DNA as having two antiparallel strands of nucleotides.
  • What does 'antiparallel' mean in the context of DNA structure?
    Antiparallel means that the two DNA strands run in opposite directions: one from 5' to 3' and the other from 3' to 5'.
  • What are the base pairing rules established by Watson and Crick?
    Adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G) via hydrogen bonds.
  • What type of bonds hold the two DNA strands together?
    Hydrogen bonds hold the two DNA strands together between the nitrogenous bases.
  • What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide?
    A DNA nucleotide consists of a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • Which nitrogenous bases are found in DNA?
    The nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G).
  • What forms the backbone of the DNA molecule?
    The sugar-phosphate backbone, made of alternating sugar and phosphate groups, forms the backbone of DNA.
  • Where are the nitrogenous bases located in the DNA double helix?
    The nitrogenous bases are oriented toward the center of the DNA molecule.
  • What is found at the 5' end of a DNA strand?
    A free phosphate group is found at the 5' end of a DNA strand.
  • What is found at the 3' end of a DNA strand?
    A free hydroxyl (OH) group is found at the 3' end of a DNA strand.
  • How are the two DNA strands held together?
    The two DNA strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogenous bases.
  • What is the significance of the sugar-phosphate backbone in DNA?
    The sugar-phosphate backbone provides structural support and stability to the DNA molecule.