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Animal Viruses: DNA Virus Synthesis & Replication definitions

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  • Cytoplasm
    Intracellular location where most DNA viruses replicate and utilize host cellular machinery for synthesis.
  • Viral DNA Polymerase
    Enzyme encoded by many DNA viruses enabling genome replication independent of host cell division.
  • Double Stranded DNA
    Genomic form with complementary plus (coding) and minus (template) strands, following the central dogma.
  • Single Stranded DNA
    Genomic form requiring conversion to a double stranded intermediate before replication and protein synthesis.
  • Central Dogma
    Biological principle describing the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein.
  • Transcription
    Process using DNA as a template to synthesize messenger RNA, initiating viral protein production.
  • Translation
    Cellular mechanism decoding messenger RNA to assemble viral proteins necessary for replication.
  • Messenger RNA
    Plus-sense RNA molecule transcribed from DNA, carrying genetic instructions for protein synthesis.
  • Genome Replication
    Reproduction of the original viral genome, ensuring new viral particles inherit genetic material.
  • Coding Strand
    DNA strand with the same sequence as messenger RNA, representing genetic instructions for proteins.
  • Template Strand
    DNA strand serving as the pattern for synthesizing complementary RNA during transcription.
  • Viral Proteins
    Molecules produced from viral genetic material, including enzymes and structural components for new virions.
  • Assembly
    Stage where replicated genomes and synthesized proteins combine to form new infectious viral particles.
  • Plus Strand
    Nucleic acid strand encoding genetic information, often used as a template for protein synthesis.
  • Minus Strand
    Nucleic acid strand complementary to the coding sequence, serving as a template during replication.