21. Principles of Disease

Label the successive stages of skin lesions as exemplified by smallpox.

Put the following in the correct order to describe the pattern of disease: period of convalescence, prodromal period, period of decline, incubation period, period of illness.

Provide evidence that Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is caused by a transmissible agent.

Use the following information to answer questions 6–7.

On September 6, a 6-year-old boy experienced fever, chills, and vomiting. On September 7, the child was hospitalized with diarrhea and swollen lymph nodes under both arms. On September 3, he had been scratched and bitten by a cat. The cat was found dead on September 5, and Y. pestis was isolated from the cat. Chloramphenicol was administered to the child from September 7, when Y. pestis was isolated from his blood. On September 17, the child's temperature returned to normal. On September 22, the child was released from the hospital

Identify the prodromal period for this disease.

a. September 3-5

b. September 3-6

c. September 6-7

d. September 6-17

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in infectious diseases?

a. Incubation, prodromal period, illness, decline, convalescence

b. Incubation, decline, prodromal period, illness, convalescence

c. Prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline, convalescence

d. Convalescence, prodromal period, incubation, illness, decline

Distinguish symptoms from signs as signals of disease.

The immature fluke stages that infect snail intermediate hosts are called __________.

a. metacercariae

b. cercariae

c. cysticerci

d. miracidia

Which of the following organisms is transmitted via sexual contact?

a. Treponema pallidum endemicum

b. Treponema pallidum pertenue

c. Treponema pallidum pallidum

d. Treponema carateum

Most individuals become infected with varicella zoster virus (VZV) during childhood which results in a disease commonly known as chicken pox. After the individual recovers from chicken pox the virus remains dormant in their body. This virus will commonly re-emerge when the individual reaches an advanced age and cause a disease commonly known as shingles. The shingles disease is what stage in the disease progression of the varicella zoster virus?

The sporogonic phase of Plasmodium occurs in ___________.

a. red blood cells

b. liver cells

c. schizonts

d. Anopheles mosquitoes

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Candida albicans generally causes localized opportunistic infections but can become systemic, particularly in the immunocompetent.

Which of the following is the name of the intracellular infection stage of Leishmania? __________          

a. Miracidia

b. Metacercaria

c. Bradyzoite

d. Amastigote

On the following figure, identify the portal of entry of H. influenzae, C. tetani, botulinum toxin, M. leprae, poliovirus, Lyssavirus, arboviruses, and Acanthamoeba.

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Which of the following diseases would be least likely in rural areas of the United States?

a. Epidemic typhus

b. Rocky Mountain spotted fever

c. Murine typhus

d. Lymphogranuloma venereum

Tapeworms are generally transmitted via ______.

a. consumption of an intermediate host

b. consumption of the definitive host

c. vectors such as mosquitoes

d. consumption of adult tapeworms