21. Principles of Disease

Fungal allergens generally stimulate what type of reaction?

a. Type I hypersensitivity

b. Type II hypersensitivity

c. Type III hypersensitivity

d. Type IV hypersensitivity

Compare and contrast epidemic typhus, endemic murine typhus, and tickborne typhus.

Which of the following bacteria causes a common type of food poisoning?

a. Streptococcus sanguis

b. Clostridium tetani

c. Staphylococcus aureus

d. Streptococcus pyogenes

Frothy, fishy discharge

a. candidiasis

b. bacterial vaginosis

c. genital herpes

d. lymphogranuloma venereum

e. trichomoniasis

Which of the following phrases describes a contagious disease?

a. A disease arising from fomites

b. A disease that is easily passed from host to host in aerosols

c. A disease that arises from opportunistic members of the resident microbiome

d. Both a and b

A bacterium associated with bacteremia, meningitis, and pneumonia in newborns is

a. Staphylococcus aureus

b. Staphylococcus epidermidis

c. Streptococcus pyogenes

d. Streptococcus agalactiae

Cryptosporidium cannot be killed by routine boiling. Another parasite resistant to such boiling is __________.

a. Giardia

b. Trypanosoma

c. Toxoplasma

d. Plasmodium

Match the following:

On the following figure, show the sites of the following infections: impetigo, folliculitis, acne, warts, shingles, sporotrichosis, pediculosis.

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Which of the following does not fall into our current definition of TORCH infections?

a. Syphilis

b. Trichomoniasis

c. HIV

d. Rubella

e. Cytomegalovirus

Mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true by changing the underlined word(s).

__________ Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common parasitic protozoan of humans in the industrialized world.

Which of the following microbes is most commonly associated with sepsis in immune-compromised individuals?

a. Borrelia burgdorferi

b. Human immunodeficiency virus

c. Zika virus

d. Candida albicans

e. Epstein-Barr virus

Use the following choices to answer the question given below:

a. Ehrlichiosis

b. Lyme disease

c. Septic shock

d. Toxoplasmosis

e. Viral hemorrhagic fever

A patient presents with a history of fever and headache. Bacterial cultures of blood, CSF, and stool are negative. What is your diagnosis?

A male patient is complaining of frothy discharge and painful urination. After negative NAAT testing, you will most likely prescribe:

a. Penicillin

b. Tetracycline

c. A cephalosporin

d. Metronidazole

Which of the following symptoms would be most informative in terms of ruling out a prion disease as a differential diagnosis?

a. Nuchal rigidity

b. Hallucinations

c. Fatigue

d. Headache