21. Principles of Disease

Both of the following parasites demonstrate nocturnal movement, which is important during diagnosis: __________ and _____________ .

Mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true by changing the underlined word(s).

__________ Fasciola hepatica can be acquired by eating infected sheep.

For which of the following reasons are most animal poxviruses unable to infect humans?

a. Affected animals are not in frequent contact with humans.

b. The human immune system makes it impossible for the foreign viral particles to

reproduce effectively.

c. Attachment to human cells is unlikely.

d. Human cells lack the necessary enzymes for infection.

Which of the following is not a tickborne disease?

a. Babesiosis

b. Ehrlichiosis

c. Lyme disease

d. Relapsing fever

e. Tularemia

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

a. Leading infectious cause of blindness—Chlamydia

b. Chickenpox—shingles

c. HSV-1—encephalitis

d. Buruli ulcer—stomach acid

e. None of the above

A patient exhibits inflammatory skin lesions that itch intensely. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings reveals an eight-legged arthropod. What is your diagnosis? How is the disease treated? What would you conclude if you saw a six-legged arthropod?

Ringworm is caused by a____

a. helminth

b. dermatophyte

c. dimorphic fungus

d. commensal fungus

Match the pathogen with the listed disease(s) it causes.

___ Chlamydophila psittaci

___ Chlamydophila pneumoniae

___ Chlamydia trachomatis

___ Treponema pallidum pallidum

___ Treponema pallidum pertenue

___ Treponema pallidum endemicum

___ Treponema carateum

___ Borrelia burgdorferi

A. Syphilis

B. Trachoma

C. Sinusitis

D. Lymphogranuloma venereum

E. Proctitis

F. Pelvic inflammatory disease

G. Ornithosis

H. Yaws

I. Bejel

J. Pinta

K. Lyme disease

Which lesion/rash is mismatched with the disease?

a. Ulcer – inflammatory acne

b. Honey-colored crusted lesion – impetigo

c. Papule rash – wart

d. Maculopapular rash – measles

e. Vesicular rash – chickenpox

Which of the following does not have an animal reservoir or vector?

a. Listeriosis

b. Cryptococcosis

c. Amebic meningoencephalitis

d. Rabies

e. African trypanosomiasis

Mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true by changing the underlined word(s).

__________ Sexual contact is the most common method of transmission of parasites.

Which Plasmodium life stage infects the liver?

a. Sporozoite

b. Merozoite

c. Gametocyte

d. Sexual stage

e. Vector stage

Mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true by changing the underlined word(s).

__________ Humans can become intermediate hosts for Taenia saginata.

An epidemiological study design that is commonly used for determining the efficacy of a drug therapy is a(n)

a. Experimental study.

b. Case report.

c. Cross-sectional study.

d. Correlation study.

e. Observational study.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Sporotrichosis is often caused by introduction of fungi beneath the skin by a thorn prick.