21. Principles of Disease

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ On the whole, fungal infections are relatively easy to treat.

Support or refute the following statement: “Rubeola is common and of little concern as a childhood disease.”

Mark each statement as true or false. Rewrite the false statements to make them true by changing the underlined word(s).

__________ Plasmodium falciparum causes the most serious form of malaria.

During a lumbar puncture procedure, the nurse observed that the patient’s CSF pressure was high. However, when the analysis of the CSF sample comes back, the glucose levels are normal. The nurse would most likely suspect:

a. arboviral meningitis.

b. Neisseria meningitidis.

c. Listeria monocytogenes.

d. poliovirus.

_____A single virion is sufficient to cause a cold.

Which type of anthrax is more common in animals and in humans?

a. Cutaneous anthrax

b. Inhalation anthrax

c. Gastrointestinal anthrax

d. Mucoid anthrax

Because amphotericin B is toxic to humans, most clinicians prescribe it only for ______.

a. dermatophyte infections

b. Malassezia infections

c. systemic infections

d. mushroom poisoning

Select the true statements about SARS-CoV-2. (Select all that apply.)

a. It causes COVID-19.

b. It is vaccine preventable.

c. The FDA has approved hydroxychloroquine to treat infections with this virus.

d. It is considered a zoonotic infection.

e. It causes a form of viral pneumonia.

Which one of the following diseases is not correctly matched to its reservoir?

a. Influenza-animal

b. Rabies-animal

c. Botulism-nonliving

d. Anthrax-nonliving

e. Toxoplasmosis-cats

Draft a Venn diagram to compare and contrast descriptive and analytical epidemiology.

What precautions or actions would apply to an HIV/AIDS patient? Select all that apply.

a. Droplet precautions

b. Standard precautions

c. BSL-4 precautions

d. Universal precautions

e. AFB precautions

f. Isolation practices

List the genital infections that cause congenital and neonatal infections. How can transmission to a fetus or newborn be prevented?

Color each map below to show the general area where each disease is endemic.

A vaccine against Listeria monocytogenes is a challenge to develop because

a. very few people get Listeria meningitis.

b. the antibody-mediated immune response is not effective against L. monocytogenes.

c. better prevention approaches exist, such as food preparation precautions.

d. vaccinations are not used for foodborne illness.

Why do insect vectors and animal reservoirs increase the difficulty of preventing and controlling parasitic infections in humans?