21. Principles of Disease

The most commonly reported sexually transmitted disease in the United States is caused ___________.

by the bacterium

a. Mycoplasma genitalium

b. Chlamydia trachomatis

c. Chlamydophila proctitis

d. Ureaplasma urealyticum

A physician prescribes fluid replacement to treat a patient with diarrhea. Although tests showed that a pathogenic enteric bacterium was the cause of the intestinal distress, an antimicrobial drug was not prescribed; why not?

Why is mycolic acid a virulence factor for mycobacteria?

A patient’s lab data report has come back with a positive ELISA for pneumococcal C polysaccharide from CSF samples. The MOST appropriate next step for a health professional to recommend is to

a. culture from the CSF sample to test for antibiotic resistance.

b. administer tetracycline.

c. administer cephalosporin.

d. wait for RT-PCR confirmation before antibiotic treatment.

Match the preventative measure to the infectious agent it can help limit:

The total number of cases of a disease in a given area is its __________.

Shown is a MacConkey agar plate. Describe the Gram reaction and lactose fermentation of the two different bacteria shown.

Select ALL the true statements about dermatophytes:

a. They are a group of bacteria that cause cutaneous infections.

b. They may be treated with antifungals without knowing the exact causative agent.

c. They are easily treated with antibiotics.

d. They are commonly acquired from the soil, environment, or animals.

e. They produce enzymes that digest keratin found in hair, nails, and skin.

Name one fungus and one protozoan that can cause genital system infections. What symptoms would lead you to suspect these infections?

All of the following are commonly associated with Streptococcus pyogenes EXCEPT:

a. impetigo.

b. cellulitis.

c. scalded skin syndrome.

d. necrotizing fasciitis.

e. strep throat.

Suggest a hypothesis to explain why rickettsias are obligate parasites.

Which of the following conditions is a systemic disease caused by Staphylococcus?

a. Impetigo

b. Folliculitis

c. Carbuncle

d. Toxic shock syndrome

During the Covid-19 pandemic, individuals around the world were advised to wear masks covering their nose and mouth. Why is this medical advice important for decreasing the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus?

________ and ________are the two types of food poisoning.

Which genus is primarily associated with acne?

a. Staphylococcus

b. Propionibacterium

c. Clostridium

d. Streptococcus

e. Pseudomonas