20. Adaptive Immunity

Why does the body have both antibody and cell-mediated immune responses?

The two columns on the left show negative and positive immunoblot results for a particular pathogen. The numbered columns are blots of samples from 11 patients. Which patients are most likely uninfected?

<IMAGE>

What caused thousands of parents in the United States and the United Kingdom to stop vaccinating their children after 1998?

Define the following key terms.

a. Fomite

b. Mucociliary escalator

c. Alveolar macrophage

d. Prognosis

e. Serovar

f. Otitis media

g. Tympanic membrane

h. Epidemic

i. Pandemic

j. Antigenic drift

k. Herd immunity

l. Antigenic shift

m. Rheumatogenic

n. Attenuated viral strain

o. Inactivated viral strain

p. Pulmonary edema

q. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

r. Healthcare-associated pneumonia (HCAP)

s. Typical pneumonia

t. Atypical pneumonia

u. Endemic mycoses

v. Dimorphic fungus

Attenuation is:

a. The process of reducing virulence

b. A necessary step in vaccine manufacture

c. A form of variolation

d. Similar to an adjuvant

Select the true statements about mRNA vaccines. Select all that apply.

a. These vaccines contain a type of nucleic acid

b. These vaccines can alter cellular DNA

c. These vaccines often require a booster dose

d. These vaccines do not require adjuvants

e. These vaccines require an engineered virus to deliver the mRNA to a target cell

Is there a definitive scientific link between autism and vaccines? Support your response with information from the text.

In the blank before each description, write the letter of the matching term. Some choices may be used more than once.

1._____ Induces rapid onset of immunity

2._____Induces mainly an antibody response

3. _____Induces good cell-mediated immunity

4. _____Increases antigenicity

5. _____Uses antigen fragments

6. _____Uses attenuated microbes

A. Attenuated viral vaccine

B. Adjuvant

C. Subunit vaccine

D. Immunoglobulin

E. Residual virulence

Which of the following vaccine types is commonly given with an adjuvant?

a. Attenuated vaccine

b. Modified live vaccine

c. Chemically killed vaccine

d. Immunoglobulin

Match the pathogen part to the inactivated vaccine:

<IMAGE>

How are T cell receptors similar in function to B cell receptors?

______ One single serological test is inadequate for an accurate diagnosis of HIV infection.

In opsonization with IgG, why would it be important that IgG react with the antigen BEFORE a phagocytic cell recognizes the antibody molecule?