20. Adaptive Immunity

Compare the advantages and disadvantages of passive immunotherapy and active immunization.

Compare and contrast herd immunity and contact immunity.

How does precipitation differ from agglutination?

_______ It is standard to attenuate killed virus vaccines.

Compare and contrast the Chinese practice of variolation with Jenner’s vaccination procedure.

To obtain immediate immunity against tetanus, a patient should receive:

a. An attenuated vaccine of Clostridium tetani

b. A modified live vaccine of C. tetani

c. Tetanus toxoid

d. Immunoglobulin against tetanus toxin (antitoxin)

What are the advantages and disadvantages of attenuated vaccines?

Which of the following viruses was widely used in living vaccines?

a. Coronavirus

b. Poliovirus

c. Influenzavirus

d. Retrovirus

Which of the following is the most suggestive of an anaphylactic reaction? (NCLEX/HESI/TEAS)

a. Sudden fever

b. A localized rash

c. Nasal congestion

d. Hemorrhage

e. Respiratory distress

Why would a person who has their tonsils removed be more susceptible to certain types of infections of the 

throat and respiratory tract?

_______ Passive immunotherapy provides more prolonged immunity than active immunization.

Select all the false statements about artificially acquired immunity.

a. It can be passive

b. It can be active

c. It may be generated by vaccines

d. It is a form of autoimmunity

e. It may generate memory cells

f. An example includes the transfer of antibodies across the placenta

Indicate the true statements and correct the false statements so they are true.

a. B cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells

b. T cytotoxic cells are activated by antigens bound to MHC I

c. Upon activation, T helper cells stimulate T cytotoxic cells and B cells

d. IgG is the first antibody made during a primary response

e. T-dependent antigens rely on TH cells to activate B cells

If parents in the United States decline or delay vaccinations for their children because they fear the refuted claim of a link between vaccinations and autism, which of the following is a possible result?

a. A decrease in diagnosis of autism with a decrease of vaccinations

b. An increase in diagnosis of autism with an increase of vaccinations

c. An increase in the administration of subunit vaccines

d. A decrease in herd immunity

e. An increase in public demand for inactivated vaccines

Which of the following is not typical of an immunogenic antigen?