20. Adaptive Immunity

The many different proteins in serum can be analyzed by a(n):

a. Anti-antibody test

b. Complement fixation test

c. Precipitation test

d. Immunodiffusion test

Use the following choices to answer questions 4 and 5:

a. Anti-Brucella

b. Brucella

c. Substrate for the enzyme

Which item is from the patient in an indirect ELISA test?

Label components of the direct and indirect ELISA tests in the following situations. Which test is direct? Which test provides definitive proof of disease?

Which term describes antibodies binding to a virus preventing it from attaching to host cells?

A purified protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is injected into a person’s skin. A hardened, red area develops around the injection site within 3 days.

How does nephelometry differ from turbidimetry?

The study of antigen-antibody reactions is referred to as _____.

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 and 2:

a. Hemolysis

b. Hemagglutination

c. Hemagglutination inhibition

d. No hemolysis

e. Precipitin ring forms

Patient’s serum, influenza virus, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against influenza?

Which of the following is the most likely to lead to graft-versushost disease?

a. An allogeneic bone marrow transplant

b. An allogeneic liver transplant

c. A xenogeneic heart valve transplant

d. An isogenic bone marrow transplant

e. A xenogeneic skin graft

The examples in questions 1 and 2 are:

a. Direct tests

b. Indirect tests

How does an antibody neutralize a virus?

a. By preventing the virus from binding to a receptor protein on a host cell

b. By preventing the virus from injecting its nucleic acid into its host cell

c. By degrading the capsid

d. By inserting holes into the viral envelope

e. By preventing the virus from replicating while inside the host

Explain the effects of excess antigen and antibody on the precipitation reaction. How is the precipitin ring test different from an immunodiffusion test?

Use the following choices to answer questions 1 and 2:

a. Hemolysis

b. Hemagglutination

c. Hemagglutination inhibition

d. No hemolysis

e. Precipitin ring forms

Patient’s serum, Chlamydia, guinea pig complement, sheep red blood cells, and anti-sheep red blood cells are mixed in a tube. What happens if the patient has antibodies against Chlamydia?

A direct fluorescent immunoassay requires which of the following?

a. Heat-inactivated serum

b. Fluorescent serum

c. Immune complexes

d. Antibodies against the antigen

______ ELISA has basically replaced immunoblotting.