20. Adaptive Immunity

An autoantigen is ____________  .

a. an antigen from normal microbiota

b. a normal body component

c. an artificial antigen

d. any carbohydrate antigen

e. nucleic acid

The distinct feature of an antigen that stimulates an adaptive immune response is called a(n) ________________.

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ ABO blood group antigens are found on nucleated cells.

When is antigen processing an essential prerequisite for an immune response?

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ ABO blood group antigens are found on nucleated cells.

Antigen ________ is a scenario in which pathogen antigens resemble host antigens. Antigen ________ is a scenario in which the pathogen changes its antigens. These are just a couple of ways that pathogens may avoid host immune system detection.

Why is a child born to an Rh⁺ mother not susceptible to Rh-related hemolytic disease of the newborn?

Which of the following cell types are antigen-presenting cells (APCs).

1. Macrophages   2. Neutrophils   3. B cells    4. T cells    5. Plasma Cells

Many phagocytic immune cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells commonly engulf foreign or dangerous materials in the body. If these cells engulf antigens, the cells will present the antigens on their surface. Which immune cells will respond to these 'presented' antigens and trigger an immune response if necessary?

Epitopes are: