19. Innate Immunity

The disease tuberculosis (TB) is a serious bacterial infection characterized by granulomas typically found in the lungs. What characteristics would a TB granuloma have?

Identify the type of hypersensitivity reaction in each photo.

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Put the number of the type of immune system hypersensitivity in the blank next to each manifestation. Each of the four types may be used more than once or not at all. If the manifestation is not an immune hypersensitivity, put zero in the blank.

1. Acute anaphylaxis

2. Allergic contact dermatitis

3. Systemic lupus erythematosus

4. Allograft rejection

5. AIDS

6. Graft-versus-host disease

7. Milk allergy

8. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

9. Asthma

10. Hay fever

I. Type I hypersensitivity

II. Type II hypersensitivity

III. Type III hypersensitivity

IV. Type IV hypersensitivity

0. Not a hypersensitivity

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

________ Cyclosporine is released by degranulating mast cells.

Define inflammation, and list its characteristics.

Which would be expected to contribute to chronic inflammation? Select all that apply.

a. A reduced innate defense

b. Fever

c. Persistent tissue injury

d. Glucocorticosteroids

e. Antihistamines

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

_____ Type III hypersensitivity reactions may lead to the development of glomerulonephritis.

Which of the following scenarios would not result in an episode of acute inflammation?

Farmer’s lung is a hypersensitivity pneumonitis resulting from:

a. A type I hypersensitivity reaction to grass pollen

b. A type II hypersensitivity to red cells in the lung

c. A type III hypersensitivity to mold spores

d. A type IV hypersensitivity to bacterial antigens

A positive tuberculin skin test indicates that a patient not immunized against tuberculosis:

a. Is free of tuberculosis

b. Is shedding Mycobacterium

c. Has been exposed to tuberculosis antigens

d. Is susceptible to tuberculosis

e. Is resistant to tuberculosis

Indicate whether each statement is true or false. If the statement is false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the statement true.

______ The tuberculin reaction is a type I hypersensitivity.

Indicate which statements are true. Correct all false statements by changing the underlined words.

__________ Acute and chronic inflammation exhibit similar signs and symptoms.

A scientist is analyzing the cells from a granuloma tissue sample. Which type of immune cell is the scientist least likely to find in this sample?

What do medical personnel administer to counteract various type I hypersensitivities?

a. Antihistamine

b. Bronchodilator

c. Corticosteroid

d. Epinephrine

e. All of the above