Textbook Question
Describe an example of bioconversion. What metabolic processes can result in fuels?
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Ch. 28 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Microbial World and You18
- Ch. 2 - Chemical Principles20
- Ch. 3 - Observing Microorganisms Through a Microscope18
- Ch. 4 - Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells21
- Ch. 5 - Microbial Metabolism20
- Ch. 6 - Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 7 - The Control of Microbial Growth20
- Ch. 8 - Microbial Genetics19
- Ch. 9 - Biotechnology & DNA Technology20
- Ch. 10 - Classification of Microorganisms15
- Ch. 11 - The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea14
- Ch. 12 - The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths17
- Ch. 13 - Viruses, Viroids, and Prions20
- Ch. 14 - Principles of Disease and Epidemiology21
- Ch. 15 - Microbial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity19
- Ch. 16 - Innate Immunity: Nonspecific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 17 - Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host20
- Ch. 18 - Practical Applications of Immunology20
- Ch. 19 - Disorders Associated with the Immune System19
- Ch. 20 - Antimicrobial Drugs19
- Ch. 21 - Microbial Diseases of the Skin and Eyes21
- Ch. 22 - Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System19
- Ch. 23 - Microbial Diseases of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems20
- Ch. 24 - Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System20
- Ch. 25 - Microbial Diseases of the Digestive System20
- Ch. 26 - Microbial Diseases of the Urinary and Reproductive Systems19
- Ch. 27 - Environmental Microbiology20
- Ch. 28 - Applied and Industrial Microbiology19
Tortora14th EditionMicrobiology: An IntroductionISBN: 9780138200398Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 28, Problem 9
Label the trophophase and idiophase in this graph. Indicate when primary and secondary metabolites are formed.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the growth phases of microorganisms depicted in the graph. The graph typically shows microbial growth over time, with the x-axis representing time and the y-axis representing biomass or cell concentration.
Step 2: Identify the trophophase on the graph. The trophophase is the active growth phase where cells are metabolically active and dividing rapidly. This phase usually corresponds to the exponential (log) phase of growth.
Step 3: Identify the idiophase on the graph. The idiophase follows the trophophase and is characterized by a slowdown or cessation of growth. During this phase, cells focus on producing secondary metabolites rather than biomass increase.
Step 4: Label the production of primary metabolites. Primary metabolites are compounds essential for growth and are produced during the trophophase. Examples include amino acids, nucleotides, and organic acids.
Step 5: Label the production of secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolites are not directly involved in growth but often have ecological functions such as antibiotics or pigments. These are produced during the idiophase.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Trophophase
Trophophase is the active growth phase of microorganisms where cells multiply rapidly and primary metabolites are produced. During this phase, nutrients are abundant, and metabolic activities focus on biomass accumulation and essential cellular functions.
Idiophase
Idiophase follows the trophophase and is characterized by slowed or halted growth. In this phase, secondary metabolites are synthesized, often as a response to nutrient limitation or stress, and these compounds can include antibiotics, pigments, or toxins.
Primary and Secondary Metabolites
Primary metabolites are compounds essential for growth and produced during trophophase, such as amino acids and nucleotides. Secondary metabolites are non-essential for growth, produced during idiophase, and often have ecological functions like defense or signaling.
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Primary & Secondary Metabolites
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Which of the following reactions is an oxidation carried out by A. ferrooxidans?
a. Fe²⁺ → Fe³⁺
b. Fe³⁺ → Fe²⁺
c. CuS→ CuSO₄
d. Fe⁰ → Cu⁰
e. None of the above
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Textbook Question
Which of the following reactions is undesirable in winemaking?
a. Sucrose → ethanol
b. Ethanol → acetic acid
c. Malic acid → lactic acid
d. Glucose → pyruvic acid
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Textbook Question
Which type of radiation is used to preserve foods?
a. Ionizing
b. Nonionizing
c. Radiowaves
d. Microwaves
e. All of the above
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Textbook Question
Van Leeuwenhoek was the first to see this budding microbe with a nucleus and cell wall; although humans have used it since before the beginning of recorded history, Louis Pasteur was the first to figure out what it does.