Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between matter, chemical elements, and atoms?

Accepted Answer

Matter is made of chemical elements, which are made of atoms.

Question 2

A neutral atom of carbon has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the atomic number and mass number of this atom?

Accepted Answer

Atomic number = 6, Mass number = 12

Question 3

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the chemical identity of an element and where is it located?

Accepted Answer

Proton; nucleus

Question 4

How many neutrons are present in an oxygen atom with atomic number 8 and mass number 16?

Accepted Answer

$$16 - 8 = 8$$ neutrons

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why neon (Ne) is chemically unreactive?

Accepted Answer

Its valence shell is full with 8 electrons.

Question 6

According to the octet rule, how many electrons does an oxygen atom need to gain to achieve a full valence shell?

Accepted Answer

2

Question 7

Which of the following is true about isotopes of an element?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 8

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5,000 years. How much of a 20 g sample will remain after 10,000 years?

Accepted Answer

2.5 g

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 10

What makes a covalent bond nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

The bonded atoms have equal electronegativities and share electrons equally.

Question 11

Which type of bond is responsible for holding together the atoms within a single water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak individually but strong collectively, and are important in water and biological macromolecules.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes an anion?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has gained an electron and is negatively charged.

Question 14

Which of the following is true of all atoms that are anions?

Accepted Answer

They have more electrons than protons.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a use of radioactive isotopes in real-world applications?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the nutritional value of food.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular bonds?

Accepted Answer

Intramolecular bonds occur within a molecule, while intermolecular bonds occur between different molecules.

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-life example of a polar covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

The bond between hydrogen and oxygen in a water molecule.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water molecules are attracted to each other?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and form hydrogen bonds.

Question 19

A sodium atom (Na) has 11 electrons. If it loses one electron, what type of ion does it become?

Accepted Answer

A positively charged cation

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the process of radioactive decay?

Accepted Answer

The nucleus of an unstable atom breaks down, releasing energy and particles.

Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding: Foundations of Chemistry

Study Guide - Practice Questions