Textbook Question
Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.
a. What type of mutation has occurred?
Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 17, Problem 89b
Answer the following questions for the given section of DNA:
b. Using the new strand as a template, write the mRNA sequence.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the DNA sequence provided in the problem. If the sequence is not explicitly given, refer to the image or accompanying material to extract the DNA sequence.
Determine the complementary DNA strand (template strand) by pairing the bases according to the base-pairing rules: Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
Using the template strand, transcribe the mRNA sequence. Replace Thymine (T) in the DNA with Uracil (U) in the mRNA, while keeping the complementary base-pairing rules: Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U), and Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G).
Write out the resulting mRNA sequence in the 5' to 3' direction, as mRNA is synthesized in this orientation during transcription.
Double-check the mRNA sequence to ensure that all base-pairing rules have been correctly applied and that the sequence is written in the correct orientation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
DNA Structure
DNA is composed of two strands forming a double helix, with each strand made up of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). The sequence of these bases encodes genetic information, and the strands are complementary, meaning adenine pairs with thymine and cytosine pairs with guanine.
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DNA Double Helix Concept 1
Transcription
Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). During transcription, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand by pairing RNA nucleotides with the DNA bases, replacing thymine with uracil. This mRNA strand then carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome for protein synthesis.
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mRNA Sequence
The mRNA sequence is a strand of RNA that is complementary to the DNA template strand used during transcription. It is crucial for protein synthesis, as it contains codons that specify the amino acids in a protein. Understanding how to derive the mRNA sequence from the DNA template involves recognizing the base pairing rules and the substitution of uracil for thymine in RNA.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The following is a segment of the template strand of human BRCA1 gene:
TGG AAT TAT CTG CTC TTC GCG
b. Write the three-letter and one-letter abbreviations for the corresponding peptide segment.
Textbook Question
Suppose a mutation occurs in the DNA section in problem 17.89, and the first base in the parent chain, adenine, is replaced by guanine.
b. Using the new strand that results from this mutation, write the order of bases in the altered mRNA.
Textbook Question
Answer the following questions for the given section of DNA:
c. Write the three-letter symbols for the amino acids that would go into the peptide from the mRNA you wrote in part b.
Textbook Question
Answer the following questions for the given section of DNA:
a. Complete the bases in the parent and new strands.
Textbook Question
The following is a segment of the template strand of human BRCA1 gene:
TGG AAT TAT CTG CTC TTC GCG
c. If there is a point mutation in the fourth nucleotide triplet and A replaces G, what is the change, if any, in the amino acid sequence?