Textbook Question
Sometimes, during stress or trauma, a person can start to hyperventilate. Then the person might breathe into a paper bag to avoid fainting.
a. What changes occur in the blood pH during hyperventilation?
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Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 10, Problem 71d
Identify each of the following as an acid or a base:
d. HI
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Recall the definition of acids and bases according to the Arrhenius and Brønsted-Lowry theories. An acid is a substance that donates H⁺ ions (protons) in solution, while a base is a substance that accepts H⁺ ions or produces OH⁻ ions in solution.
Step 2: Analyze the given chemical formula, HI. This is hydrogen iodide, a compound consisting of hydrogen (H) and iodine (I).
Step 3: Determine what happens when HI is dissolved in water. HI dissociates completely in water to produce H⁺ ions and I⁻ ions, as shown in the equation: .
Step 4: Based on the dissociation, HI increases the concentration of H⁺ ions in solution, which is a characteristic property of acids.
Step 5: Conclude that HI is classified as an acid because it donates H⁺ ions when dissolved in water.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Acids and Bases
Acids and bases are fundamental concepts in chemistry that describe substances based on their ability to donate or accept protons (H+ ions). Acids are proton donors, while bases are proton acceptors. This classification is essential for understanding chemical reactions, pH levels, and the behavior of various compounds in solution.
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Arrhenius Acids & Bases Concept 1
Strong Acids
Strong acids are substances that completely dissociate in water, releasing all of their protons into the solution. This results in a high concentration of H+ ions, leading to a low pH. Hydroiodic acid (HI) is classified as a strong acid because it fully ionizes in aqueous solution, making it a key example in acid-base chemistry.
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pH Scale
The pH scale is a logarithmic scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while a pH greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. Understanding the pH scale is crucial for identifying the nature of substances, such as determining that HI is an acid due to its low pH when dissolved in water.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following as an acid or a base:
b. H2SO3
Textbook Question
Determine if each of the following diagrams represents a strong acid or a weak acid. The acid has the formula HX.
Textbook Question
When food enters the stomach, HCl is released and the [H3O+] of the stomach fluid rises to 4 × 10–2 M. What is the pH of the stomach fluid?
Textbook Question
Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction of stomach acid HCl with Al(OH)3, an ingredient in some antacids.
Textbook Question
How many grams of Al(OH)3 are required to neutralize 150. mL of stomach acid with a pH of 1.5?