Textbook Question
Identify each of the following as an acid or a base:
d. HI
Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 Chemistry in Our Lives11
- Ch.2 Chemistry and Measurements80
- Ch.3 Matter and Energy54
- Ch.4 Atoms and Elements51
- Ch.5 Nuclear Chemistry42
- Ch.6 Ionic and Molecular Compounds57
- Ch.7 Chemical Quantities and Reactions41
- Ch.8 Gases29
- Ch.9 Solutions51
- Ch.10 Acids and Bases and Equilibrium65
- Ch.11 Introduction to Organic Chemistry: Hydrocarbons78
- Ch.12 Alcohols, Thiols, Ethers, Aldehydes, and Ketones83
- Ch.13 Carbohydrates54
- Ch.14 Carboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines, and Amides90
- Ch.15 Lipids61
- Ch.16 Amino Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes84
- Ch.17 Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis83
- Ch.18 Metabolic Pathways and ATP Production67
Timberlake13th EditionChemistry: An Introduction to General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryISBN: 9780134421353Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 10, Problem 70
How many grams of Al(OH)3 are required to neutralize 150. mL of stomach acid with a pH of 1.5?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions ([H⁺]) in the stomach acid using the pH formula: \( \text{pH} = -\log[H^+] \). Rearrange the formula to find \( [H^+] = 10^{-\text{pH}} \), and substitute \( \text{pH} = 1.5 \) to determine \( [H^+] \).
Step 2: Determine the moles of hydrogen ions in the stomach acid. Use the formula \( \text{moles of } H^+ = [H^+] \times \text{volume in liters} \). Convert the given volume of 150. mL to liters by dividing by 1000.
Step 3: Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) and hydrogen ions (H⁺): \( \text{Al(OH)}_3 + 3H^+ \rightarrow \text{Al}^{3+} + 3H_2O \). From the equation, note that 1 mole of Al(OH)₃ reacts with 3 moles of H⁺.
Step 4: Calculate the moles of Al(OH)₃ required to neutralize the stomach acid. Use the stoichiometric ratio from the balanced equation: \( \text{moles of Al(OH)}_3 = \frac{\text{moles of } H^+}{3} \).
Step 5: Convert the moles of Al(OH)₃ to grams. Use the molar mass of Al(OH)₃ (\( \text{Al: 26.98 g/mol, O: 16.00 g/mol, H: 1.008 g/mol} \)) to calculate its molar mass, then multiply the moles of Al(OH)₃ by the molar mass to find the mass in grams.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Neutralization Reaction
A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this context, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) acts as a base that will react with the hydrochloric acid (HCl) present in stomach acid. The balanced chemical equation for this reaction is Al(OH)₃ + 3HCl → AlCl₃ + 3H₂O, which is essential for calculating the amount of Al(OH)₃ needed.
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pH and Hydrogen Ion Concentration
pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a solution, defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. A pH of 1.5 indicates a highly acidic solution, with a hydrogen ion concentration of approximately 0.0316 M. Understanding the relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration is crucial for determining how much base is needed to neutralize the acid.
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Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced equation. It allows us to determine the exact amount of Al(OH)₃ required to neutralize the given volume of stomach acid. By using the molarity of the acid and the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation, we can calculate the grams of Al(OH)₃ needed for complete neutralization.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Someone with severe diabetes obtains energy by the breakdown of fats, which produce large amounts of acidic substances. How would this affect the pH of the blood plasma?
Textbook Question
Identify each of the following as an acid or a base:
b. H2SO3
Textbook Question
Determine if each of the following diagrams represents a strong acid or a weak acid. The acid has the formula HX.
Textbook Question
When food enters the stomach, HCl is released and the [H3O+] of the stomach fluid rises to 4 × 10–2 M. What is the pH of the stomach fluid?
Textbook Question
Write the balanced chemical equation for the neutralization reaction of stomach acid HCl with Al(OH)3, an ingredient in some antacids.