Question 1

Which of the following correctly describes the relationship between DNA, genes, and alleles?

Accepted Answer

Genes are stretches of DNA that code for proteins, and alleles are different variants of a gene.

Question 2

According to Chargaff's rules, which of the following base pairings is correct in DNA?

Accepted Answer

$$A$$ pairs with $$T$$ and $$G$$ pairs with $$C$$

Question 3

Which process is responsible for converting DNA into messenger RNA ($$mRNA$$)?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 4

A diploid ($$2n) $$organism has 10 chromosomes in each somatic cell. How many chromosomes will each gamete have after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a phenotype?

Accepted Answer

The observable features of an organism

Question 6

If a pea plant has the genotype $$Aa$$ for seed color, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

It is heterozygous for seed color

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of regulatory elements in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Coding for amino acids in proteins

Question 8

During translation, what is the role of a codon?

Accepted Answer

It specifies a particular amino acid to be added to the growing protein chain

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It reduces the chromosome number by half, ensuring offspring have the correct chromosome number after fertilization

Question 10

A mutation changes a DNA base from $$A to$$ $$G in a $$gene. Which of the following is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein encoded by the gene may have a different amino acid sequence

Question 11

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a morphological trait?

Accepted Answer

The shape of a pea pod

Question 13

Which process turns $$2n$$ cells into $$2n$$ cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Question 14

A scientist is studying the ability of a gene to be passed onto the next generation. Which division of genetics is she working in?

Accepted Answer

Transmission genetics

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup; phenotype is the observable trait

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

It is the process of turning $$mRNA$$ into proteins

Question 17

In a diploid cell, how many alleles are present for each gene?

Accepted Answer

Two

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about haploid organisms?

Accepted Answer

They have only one chromosome copy per gene

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of $$tRNA$$ during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

It brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the codon sequence on $$mRNA$$

Question 20

A patient has a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene that affects the function of an enzyme. This is an example of which type of trait?

Accepted Answer

Physiological trait

Genetics Fundamentals: DNA, Chromosomes, and Inheritance

Study Guide - Practice Questions