Textbook Question
Human chromosome 5 and the corresponding chromosomes from chimpanzee, gorilla, and orangutan are shown here. Describe any structural differences you see in the other primate chromosomes in relation to the human chromosome.
Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular OrganizationProblem 29a
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular OrganizationProblem 29aChapter 10, Problem 29a
A eukaryote with a diploid number of 2n=6 carries the chromosomes shown below and labeled (a) to (f).
Carefully examine and redraw these chromosomes in any valid metaphase I alignment. Draw and label the metaphase plate, and label each chromosome with its assigned letter.
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Understand the problem: The organism has a diploid number of 2n=6, meaning there are 6 chromosomes in total, or 3 homologous pairs. Each homologous pair consists of one chromosome inherited from each parent. In metaphase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate in pairs, and their orientation is random.
Identify the homologous pairs: Examine the given chromosomes (a) to (f) and determine which chromosomes are homologous based on their size, shape, and banding patterns. Group them into three pairs.
Draw the metaphase plate: Represent the metaphase plate as a central line. Arrange the homologous pairs on either side of the metaphase plate, ensuring that one chromosome from each pair is on one side and its homolog is on the opposite side. Randomly assign the orientation of each pair, as this reflects independent assortment.
Label the chromosomes: Clearly label each chromosome with its assigned letter (a, b, c, etc.) to indicate their identity. Ensure that homologous chromosomes are labeled correctly and positioned opposite each other.
Review the alignment: Double-check that all six chromosomes are accounted for, that homologous pairs are correctly aligned, and that the arrangement reflects the random orientation characteristic of metaphase I. This ensures the drawing is accurate and complete.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by their complex structure, including a defined nucleus that houses the cell's genetic material. In the context of genetics, understanding eukaryotic cells is essential as they contain multiple linear chromosomes, which undergo various stages of cell division, including meiosis, where genetic recombination occurs.
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Chromosome Structure
Meiosis and Metaphase I
Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in gametes. During Metaphase I, homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, and this alignment is crucial for ensuring that each daughter cell receives one chromosome from each pair. Understanding this process is vital for accurately redrawing the chromosome alignment.
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Chromosome Labeling and Homologous Pairs
In genetics, chromosomes are often labeled to identify specific pairs and their characteristics. Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that have the same genes but may carry different alleles. Properly labeling chromosomes during metaphase I helps in visualizing genetic variation and understanding inheritance patterns.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
A eukaryote with a diploid number of 2n=6 carries the chromosomes shown below and labeled (a) to (f).
Explain how you determined the correct alignment of homologous chromosomes on opposite sides of the metaphase plate.
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Textbook Question
A small population of deer living on an isolated island is separated for many generations from a mainland deer population. The populations retain the same number of chromosomes but hybrids are infertile. One chromosome (shown here) has a different banding pattern in the island population than in the mainland population.
In a mainland–island hybrid deer, recombination takes place in band q1 of the homologous chromosomes. Draw the gametes that result from this event.
Textbook Question
For the following crosses, determine as accurately as possible the genotypes of each parent, the parent in whom nondisjunction occurs, and whether nondisjunction takes place in the first or second meiotic division. Both color blindness and hemophilia, a blood-clotting disorder, are X-linked recessive traits. In each case, assume the parents have normal karyotypes.
A man and a woman who each has the wild-type phenotype have a son with Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) who has hemophilia.
Textbook Question
A small population of deer living on an isolated island is separated for many generations from a mainland deer population. The populations retain the same number of chromosomes but hybrids are infertile. One chromosome (shown here) has a different banding pattern in the island population than in the mainland population.
Suppose that 40% of all meioses in mainland–island hybrids involve recombination somewhere in the chromosome region between q2.1 and p2. What proportion of the gametes of hybrid deer are viable? What is the cause of the decreased proportion of viable gametes in hybrids relative to the parental populations?
Textbook Question
A small population of deer living on an isolated island is separated for many generations from a mainland deer population. The populations retain the same number of chromosomes but hybrids are infertile. One chromosome (shown here) has a different banding pattern in the island population than in the mainland population.
Draw the synapsis of these homologs during prophase I in hybrids produced from the cross of mainland with island deer.