Textbook Question
Using the following amino acid sequences obtained from different species of apes, construct a phylogenetic tree of the apes.
Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 20b
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 20bChapter 1, Problem 20b
The following segment of DNA is the template strand transcribed into mRNA:
5'-...GACATGGAA...-3'
What is the amino acid sequence produced by translation?
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Identify the direction of the template strand. The template strand is given as 5'-...GACATGGAA...-3'. Remember that transcription produces an mRNA strand complementary to the template strand, and the mRNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
Determine the complementary mRNA sequence. Use base-pairing rules: A pairs with U (in RNA), T pairs with A, G pairs with C, and C pairs with G. Write the mRNA sequence in the 5' to 3' direction.
Divide the mRNA sequence into codons. Codons are groups of three nucleotides that correspond to specific amino acids. Start from the 5' end of the mRNA sequence and group the nucleotides into triplets.
Use the genetic code table to translate each codon into its corresponding amino acid. For example, AUG codes for methionine (start codon), and other codons correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals.
Write the resulting amino acid sequence. Begin with the amino acid corresponding to the start codon (if present) and continue translating until a stop codon is encountered, which signals the end of translation.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Transcription
Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). During this process, RNA polymerase binds to the DNA template strand and synthesizes a complementary RNA strand. The mRNA then carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome, where it will be translated into a protein.
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Translation
Translation is the process by which the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is decoded to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a protein. This occurs at the ribosome, where transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the mRNA template according to the codon sequence. Each set of three nucleotides (codon) corresponds to a specific amino acid, which is linked together to form a polypeptide chain.
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Genetic Code
The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins. It consists of 64 codons, each made up of three nucleotides, which specify 20 different amino acids. The code is nearly universal among all organisms, allowing for the translation of genetic information across different species.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Examine the following figure and answer the following questions.
How many clades are shown in the figure?
Textbook Question
What is the central dogma of biology? Identify and describe the molecular processes that accomplish the flow of genetic information described in the central dogma.
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Textbook Question
A portion of a polypeptide contains the amino acids Trp-Lys-Met-Ala-Val. Write the possible mRNA and template-strand DNA sequences. (Hint: Use A/G and T/C to indicate that either adenine/guanine or thymine/cytosine could occur in a particular position, and use N to indicate that any DNA nucleotide could appear.)
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Textbook Question
The following segment of DNA is the template strand transcribed into mRNA:
5'-...GACATGGAA...-3'
What is the sequence of mRNA created from this sequence?
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Textbook Question
Examine the following figure and answer the following questions.
What characteristic is shared by all clades in the figure?