Textbook Question
Using the following amino acid sequences obtained from different species of apes, construct a phylogenetic tree of the apes.
Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution64
- Ch. 2 - Transmission Genetics144
- Ch. 3 - Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity81
- Ch. 4 - Gene Interaction87
- Ch. 5 - Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes103
- Ch. 6 - Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages73
- Ch. 7 - DNA Structure and Replication71
- Ch. 8 - Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing79
- Ch. 9 - The Molecular Biology of Translation110
- Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic Chromosome Abnormalities and Molecular Organization100
- Ch. 11 - Gene Mutation, DNA Repair, and Homologous Recombination86
- Ch. 12 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage90
- Ch. 13 - Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes38
- Ch. 14 - Analysis of Gene Function via Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics72
- Ch. 15 - Recombinant DNA Technology and Its Applications69
- Ch. 16 - Genomics: Genetics from a Whole-Genome Perspective49
- Ch. 17 - Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes27
- Ch. 18 - Developmental Genetics43
- Ch. 19 - Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits66
- Ch. 20 - Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels105
Sanders3rd EditionGenetic Analysis: An Integrated ApproachISBN: 9780135564172Not the one you use?Change textbook
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Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 19
Sanders 3rd EditionCh. 1 - The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and EvolutionProblem 19Chapter 1, Problem 19
A portion of a polypeptide contains the amino acids Trp-Lys-Met-Ala-Val. Write the possible mRNA and template-strand DNA sequences. (Hint: Use A/G and T/C to indicate that either adenine/guanine or thymine/cytosine could occur in a particular position, and use N to indicate that any DNA nucleotide could appear.)
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span>Identify the codons for each amino acid in the polypeptide sequence: Trp (Tryptophan), Lys (Lysine), Met (Methionine), Ala (Alanine), and Val (Valine).
span>Trp is encoded by the codon UGG. Lys is encoded by AAA or AAG. Met is encoded by AUG. Ala is encoded by GCU, GCC, GCA, or GCG. Val is encoded by GUU, GUC, GUA, or GUG.
span>Write the possible mRNA sequences using the identified codons: UGG for Trp, AAA/AAG for Lys, AUG for Met, GCU/GCC/GCA/GCG for Ala, and GUU/GUC/GUA/GUG for Val.
span>Determine the template-strand DNA sequences by replacing each mRNA nucleotide with its complementary DNA nucleotide: A with T, U with A, G with C, and C with G.
span>Use A/G and T/C to indicate positions where either adenine/guanine or thymine/cytosine could occur, and use N to indicate any nucleotide could appear, based on the degeneracy of the genetic code.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Genetic Code
The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in DNA and RNA corresponds to the sequence of amino acids in proteins. Each amino acid is encoded by a specific triplet of nucleotides called a codon. Understanding the genetic code is essential for translating polypeptide sequences back into their corresponding mRNA and DNA sequences.
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The Genetic Code
Transcription
Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence. During this process, RNA polymerase synthesizes mRNA from the DNA template strand, replacing thymine (T) with uracil (U). This concept is crucial for determining the mRNA sequence from the given polypeptide.
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Complementary Base Pairing
Complementary base pairing refers to the specific pairing of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids: adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T) in DNA and uracil (U) in RNA, while guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). This principle is fundamental for deducing the template DNA strand from the mRNA sequence, as it ensures accurate pairing during transcription and replication.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What reactive chemical groups are found at the 5' and 3' carbons of nucleotides? What is the name of the bond formed when nucleotides are joined in a single strand? Is this bond covalent or noncovalent?
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Textbook Question
Identify two differences in chemical composition that distinguish DNA from RNA.
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Textbook Question
What is the central dogma of biology? Identify and describe the molecular processes that accomplish the flow of genetic information described in the central dogma.
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Textbook Question
The following segment of DNA is the template strand transcribed into mRNA:
5'-...GACATGGAA...-3'
What is the amino acid sequence produced by translation?
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Textbook Question
The following segment of DNA is the template strand transcribed into mRNA:
5'-...GACATGGAA...-3'
What is the sequence of mRNA created from this sequence?
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