Textbook Question
What is the hybridization of the central atom in (c) O3?
Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 9, Problem 52a,b
What is the hybridization of the central atom in (a) PBr5? (b) CH2O?
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Draw the Lewis structure of the molecule. For PBr5, the central atom is Phosphorus (P) and it is surrounded by five Bromine (Br) atoms.
Step 2: Count the number of atoms bonded to the central atom. In PBr5, there are five Bromine atoms bonded to the central Phosphorus atom.
Step 3: Count the number of lone pairs on the central atom. In PBr5, Phosphorus does not have any lone pairs.
Step 4: Add the number of atoms bonded to the central atom and the number of lone pairs. In PBr5, this gives us a total of 5 (5 bonded atoms + 0 lone pairs).
Step 5: Determine the hybridization based on this number. If the total is 2, the hybridization is sp. If the total is 3, the hybridization is sp2. If the total is 4, the hybridization is sp3. If the total is 5, the hybridization is sp3d. If the total is 6, the hybridization is sp3d2. In the case of PBr5, the hybridization of the central Phosphorus atom is sp3d.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hybridization
Hybridization is a concept in chemistry that describes the mixing of atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals. These hybrid orbitals are used to explain the geometry and bonding properties of molecules. The type of hybridization depends on the number of electron pairs around the central atom, influencing molecular shape and bond angles.
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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory
VSEPR theory is a model used to predict the geometry of individual molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. According to this theory, electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, which helps determine the molecular shape and the hybridization of the central atom.
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Molecular Geometry of PBr5
PBr5, or phosphorus pentabromide, has a trigonal bipyramidal molecular geometry. In this structure, the phosphorus atom is surrounded by five bromine atoms, leading to a hybridization of sp3d. This hybridization accounts for the five bonding pairs of electrons and the specific arrangement of atoms in three-dimensional space.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Consider the SCl2 molecule.(d) What valence orbitals, if any, remain unhybridized on the S atom in SCl2?
Textbook Question
Shown here are three pairs of hybrid orbitals, with each set at a characteristic angle. For each pair, determine the type of hybridization, if any, that could lead to hybrid orbitals at the specified angle. (a)
(b)
(c)
Textbook Question
Indicate the hybridization of the central atom in (c) P1OH23 (d) AlI3.
Textbook Question
Indicate the hybridization of the central atom in (a) H2S (b) SeF6
Textbook Question
What is the hybridization of the central atom in (d) NO2?