Textbook Question
Ozone in the upper atmosphere can be destroyed by the following two-step mechanism:
Cl(g) + O3(g) → ClO(g) + O2(g)
ClO(g) + O(g) → Cl(g) + O2(g)
(a) What is the overall equation for this process?
Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 14, Problem 108b
Ozone in the upper atmosphere can be destroyed by the following two-step mechanism:
Cl(g) + O3(g) → ClO(g) + O2(g)
ClO(g) + O(g) → Cl(g) + O2(g)
(b) What is the catalyst in the reaction?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.
Examine the given reaction mechanism to identify any species that appear in the reactants of one step and are regenerated in the products of a subsequent step.
In the first step, Cl (chlorine) reacts with O3 (ozone) to form ClO and O2.
In the second step, ClO reacts with O to regenerate Cl and produce O2.
Notice that Cl is consumed in the first step and regenerated in the second step, indicating that Cl is the catalyst in this reaction mechanism.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Catalysts
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. In the context of the ozone depletion mechanism, a catalyst facilitates the conversion of ozone (O3) into oxygen (O2) while remaining unchanged at the end of the reaction. This allows the catalyst to participate in multiple reaction cycles, making it effective even in small amounts.
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Catalyzed vs. Uncatalyzed Reactions
Ozone Depletion
Ozone depletion refers to the reduction of ozone (O3) in the stratosphere, which is crucial for absorbing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. The reaction mechanism provided illustrates how chlorine (Cl) compounds can catalyze the breakdown of ozone, leading to increased UV exposure on Earth's surface. Understanding this process is essential for grasping the environmental impact of certain pollutants.
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Reaction Mechanism
A reaction mechanism is a step-by-step description of how reactants are converted into products in a chemical reaction. It outlines the individual steps, intermediates, and transition states involved. In the given question, the two-step mechanism shows how chlorine reacts with ozone and how it regenerates, highlighting the role of intermediates like ClO in the overall process of ozone depletion.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
The gas-phase decomposition of ozone is thought to occur by the following two-step mechanism.
Step 1: O3(g) ⇌ O2(g) + O(g) (fast)
Step 2: O(g) + O3(g) → 2 O2 (slow)
(b) Derive the rate law that is consistent with this mechanism. (Hint: The product appears in the rate law.)
Textbook Question
The following mechanism has been proposed for the reaction of NO with H2 to form N2O and H2O:
NO(g) + NO(g) → N2O2(g)
N2O2(g) + H2(g) → N2O(g) + H2O(g)
(d) The observed rate law is rate = k[NO]2[H2]. If the proposed mechanism is correct, what can we conclude about the relative speeds of the first and second reactions?
Textbook Question
The following mechanism has been proposed for the reaction of NO with H2 to form N2O and H2O:
NO(g) + NO(g) → N2O2(g)
N2O2(g) + H2(g) → N2O(g) + H2O(g)
(a) Show that the elementary reactions of the proposed mechanism add to provide a balanced equation for the reaction.
Textbook Question
The gas-phase decomposition of ozone is thought to occur by the following two-step mechanism.
Step 1: O3(g) ⇌ O2(g) + O(g) (fast)
Step 2: O(g) + O3(g) → 2 O2 (slow)
(a) Write the balanced equation for the overall reaction.
Textbook Question
The gas-phase decomposition of ozone is thought to occur by the following two-step mechanism.
Step 1: O3(g) ⇌ O2(g) + O(g) (fast)
Step 2: O(g) + O3(g) → 2 O2 (slow)
(d) If instead the reaction occurred in a single step, would the rate law change? If so, what would it be?