Textbook Question
For a given substance, the liquid crystalline phase tends to be more viscous than the liquid phase. Why?
Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Introduction: Matter, Energy, and Measurement177
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions231
- Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry216
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution189
- Ch.5 - Thermochemistry175
- Ch.6 - Electronic Structure of Atoms168
- Ch.7 - Periodic Properties of the Elements150
- Ch.8 - Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding177
- Ch.9 - Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories200
- Ch.10 - Gases179
- Ch.11 - Liquids and Intermolecular Forces113
- Ch.12 - Solids and Modern Materials154
- Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions157
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics199
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium128
- Ch.16 - Acid-Base Equilibria164
- Ch.17 - Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria163
- Ch.18 - Chemistry of the Environment105
- Ch.19 - Chemical Thermodynamics164
- Ch.20 - Electrochemistry171
- Ch.21 - Nuclear Chemistry122
- Ch.22 - Chemistry of the Nonmetals82
- Ch.23 - Transition Metals and Coordination Chemistry79
- Ch.24 - The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry16
Brown14th EditionChemistry: The Central ScienceISBN: 9780134414232Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 11, Problem 67a,b,d,e,f
Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (a) The liquid crystal state is another phase of matter, just like solid, liquid, and gas. (b) Liquid crystalline molecules are generally spherical in shape. (d) Molecules that exhibit a liquid crystalline phase show weaker-than-expected intermolecular forces. (e) Molecules containing only carbon and hydrogen are likely to form liquid crystalline phases. (f) Molecules can exhibit more than one liquid crystalline phase.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of liquid crystals. Liquid crystals are a state of matter that have properties between those of conventional liquids and solid crystals. They can flow like a liquid but have some degree of order like a solid.
Step 2: Evaluate statement (a). Liquid crystals are indeed considered another phase of matter, distinct from solid, liquid, and gas. This statement is true.
Step 3: Evaluate statement (b). Liquid crystalline molecules are typically not spherical; they are often elongated or rod-like, which allows them to align in a specific direction. This statement is false.
Step 4: Evaluate statement (d). Molecules that exhibit a liquid crystalline phase often have strong intermolecular forces that allow them to maintain some order while still flowing. This statement is false.
Step 5: Evaluate statement (f). Molecules can exhibit more than one liquid crystalline phase, such as nematic, smectic, and cholesteric phases, depending on temperature and molecular structure. This statement is true.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Liquid Crystals
Liquid crystals are a unique state of matter that exhibit properties between those of liquids and solid crystals. They can flow like a liquid but have some degree of order, particularly in their molecular arrangement. This phase is characterized by the ability of molecules to align in specific orientations, which is crucial for applications in displays and other technologies.
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The crystal field splitting pattern for octahedral complexes has the d orbitals on or along the axes as having the higher energy.
Molecular Shape and Structure
The shape and structure of molecules significantly influence their ability to form liquid crystalline phases. While many liquid crystalline molecules are elongated or rod-like, not all are spherical. The molecular geometry affects how they pack and interact, which in turn impacts their phase behavior and the strength of intermolecular forces.
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Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are the attractive forces between molecules that determine the physical properties of substances, including their phase behavior. In liquid crystals, these forces can be weaker than expected due to the unique arrangement and orientation of the molecules, which can lead to distinct phase transitions and behaviors compared to typical solids and liquids.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Indicate whether each statement is true or false: (c) Molecules that exhibit a liquid crystalline phase do so at well-defined temperatures and pressures.
Textbook Question
At 25 °C gallium is a solid with a density of 5.91 g/cm3. Its melting point, 29.8 °C, is low enough that you can melt it by holding it in your hand. The density of liquid gallium just above the melting point is 6.1 g/cm3. Based on this information, what unusual feature would you expect to find in the phase diagram of gallium?
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