Question 1

Which of the following elements is the most abundant in living systems (excluding water) and is the main component of organic molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Carbon

Question 2

Which of the following best defines an organic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Any molecule with covalently linked carbon atoms

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a property that makes carbon an excellent building block for biomolecules?

Accepted Answer

Ability to form ionic bonds with hydrogen

Question 4

Which functional group is commonly found in amino acids and is responsible for their basic properties?

Accepted Answer

Amino group $$\mathrm{(-NH_2$)}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the four primary classes of biomolecules essential to living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Minerals

Question 6

What is the correct relationship between monomers and polymers?

Accepted Answer

Monomers are joined together by dehydration reactions to form polymers

Question 7

Which of the following chemical formulas represents a simple carbohydrate (monosaccharide)?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6$}$$

Question 8

During the formation of a disaccharide from two monosaccharides, which type of reaction occurs and what type of bond is formed?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis; glycosidic bond

Question 9

Which of the following statements about dehydration and hydrolysis reactions is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reactions create polymers from monomers; hydrolysis reactions break down polymers into monomers.

Question 10

Which polysaccharide is a major component of the exoskeletons of insects and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of glycogen in animals?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage in liver and muscle cells

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose cannot be digested by most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains glycosidic bonds that most animals lack enzymes to break

Question 13

Which of the following functional groups is NOT commonly found in biological molecules?

Accepted Answer

Nitro group $$\mathrm{(-NO_2$)}$$

Question 14

A student is analyzing a molecule with the formula $$\mathrm{C$$_{12}$$H_{22}O$$_{11}}$. Which class of carbohydrate does this molecule belong to?

Accepted Answer

Disaccharide

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Starch is used for energy storage in plants, cellulose provides structural support

Question 16

Which of the following reactions results in the breakdown of a polymer into its monomers with the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why glucose is considered a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

It cannot be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of phospholipids in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

They form a bilayer that acts as a barrier to water and solutes

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the structure of biomolecules is correct?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates are polymers of monosaccharides

Question 20

A scientist is studying a reaction in which a glycosidic bond is broken and energy is released. Which type of reaction is this?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Organic Molecules and Carbohydrates: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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