Question 1

Which of the following best explains why sodium chloride (NaCl) conducts electricity when molten but not as a solid?

Accepted Answer

The ions in solid NaCl are fixed in place and cannot move, but when molten, the ions are free to move and carry charge.

Question 2

Which element below would have the greatest number of valence electrons according to its group number?

Accepted Answer

Bromine (Br)

Question 3

A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO₂) is best described as:

Accepted Answer

A molecule with two polar covalent bonds but overall nonpolar due to its linear geometry.

Question 4

Which of the following compounds contains a bond with the greatest ionic character?

Accepted Answer

NaF

Question 5

Which statement correctly describes the difference between metallic and covalent bonding?

Accepted Answer

Metallic bonding involves delocalized electrons shared among many atoms, while covalent bonding involves localized electron pairs shared between two atoms.

Question 6

Which of the following elements is most likely to form an expanded octet in a stable compound?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur (S)

Question 7

Given the following Lewis structure for ammonia (NH₃), what is the formal charge on the nitrogen atom?

N has 5 valence electrons, 2 nonbonding electrons, and is bonded to three hydrogens.

Accepted Answer

0

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the bonding and properties of copper (Cu) metal?

Accepted Answer

Delocalized electrons allow for electrical conductivity and malleability.

Question 9

Which of the following molecules is an exception to the octet rule due to an incomplete octet?

Accepted Answer

BF₃

Question 10

A student draws the Lewis dot symbol for the oxide ion (O²⁻). Which of the following is correct?

Accepted Answer

The symbol O with 8 dots and a 2− charge indicated.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fluorine forms highly polar bonds with hydrogen?

Accepted Answer

Fluorine has a much higher electronegativity than hydrogen, resulting in a large ΔEN.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the bond in a molecule of Cl₂?

Accepted Answer

A nonpolar covalent bond due to equal sharing of electrons.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about formal charge is correct?

Accepted Answer

The sum of all formal charges in a molecule equals the overall charge of the molecule or ion.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the bonding in magnesium chloride (MgCl₂)?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bonding between Mg²⁺ cations and Cl⁻ anions.

Question 15

Which of the following pairs of atoms would form a bond with the smallest difference in electronegativity?

Accepted Answer

Br–Br

Question 16

A student is asked to classify the bond in HCl. The electronegativity of H is 2.1 and Cl is 3.0. What type of bond is present?

Accepted Answer

Polar covalent

Question 17

Which of the following is a property of substances with metallic bonding?

Accepted Answer

They are malleable and conduct electricity.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why boron trifluoride (BF₃) is an exception to the octet rule?

Accepted Answer

Boron is stable with only six electrons in its valence shell.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the electron behavior in a metallic bond?

Accepted Answer

Electrons are delocalized and move freely among metal ions.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct Lewis dot symbol for the calcium ion (Ca²⁺)?

Accepted Answer

Ca with no dots and a 2+ charge indicated.

Chemical Bonding and Lewis Structures: Study Notes for General Chemistry

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