Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between matter, chemical elements, and atoms?

Accepted Answer

Matter is made of chemical elements, which are composed of atoms.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle is responsible for the atomic number of an element?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 3

A neutral atom of carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why neon (Ne) is chemically unreactive?

Accepted Answer

Its valence shell is full with 8 electrons.

Question 5

How many neutrons are present in an atom of oxygen with atomic number 8 and mass number 16?

Accepted Answer

$$8$$

Question 6

Which of the following is true about isotopes?

Accepted Answer

They have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 7

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 5,730 years. How many years will it take for a sample to decay to $$\frac{1}{4} of $$its original amount?

Accepted Answer

$$11,460$$ years

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An interaction resulting from the sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Question 9

What makes a covalent bond nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

The bonded atoms have equal electronegativities and share electrons equally.

Question 10

Which of the following is a property of hydrogen bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are weak individually but strong collectively, and are important in water and macromolecule structure.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes an anion?

Accepted Answer

An atom that has gained an electron and is negatively charged.

Question 12

Which type of bond is responsible for holding the hydrogens and oxygen together within a single water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 13

What is the main reason water molecules are attracted to each other?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds form between the partial positive charge on hydrogen and the partial negative charge on oxygen.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about ionic bonds?

Accepted Answer

They are electrical attractions between oppositely charged ions.

Question 15

A sodium atom (Na) loses one electron to become Na$$^+. $$What type of ion is Na$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Cation

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why atoms form chemical bonds?

Accepted Answer

To achieve a full valence shell and become more stable.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a use of radioactive isotopes in real-world applications?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the stability of atoms in living organisms.

Question 18

If an atom has 5 total electrons, how many valence electrons does it have?

Accepted Answer

$$3$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between intramolecular and intermolecular bonds?

Accepted Answer

Intramolecular bonds occur within a molecule, while intermolecular bonds occur between different molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is a multi-step process for determining the number of neutrons in an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Subtract the atomic number from the mass number: $$	ext{Neutrons} = 	ext{Mass Number} - 	ext{Atomic Number}$$

Atoms, Elements, Isotopes, and Chemical Bonding: General Chemistry Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions