Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes an atom?

Accepted Answer

An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element.

Question 2

Which subatomic particle has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus of an atom?

Accepted Answer

Proton

Question 3

The atomic number of an element is defined as:

Accepted Answer

The number of protons in the nucleus.

Question 4

A carbon atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 5

Which of the following elements is NOT one of the six most abundant elements in living organisms (CHNOPS)?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 6

How many valence electrons does a nitrogen atom (atomic number 7) have?

Accepted Answer

$$5$$

Question 7

According to the octet rule, why is neon (Ne) chemically unreactive?

Accepted Answer

Its valence shell is full of electrons.

Question 8

If an oxygen atom has 8 protons and 10 neutrons, what is its mass number?

Accepted Answer

$$18$$

Question 9

Which statement about isotopes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.

Question 10

Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years. How many years must pass for a sample to decay to $$\frac{1}{4} of $$its original amount?

Accepted Answer

$$11,460$$\ years

Question 11

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

An interaction between two atoms resulting from the sharing of electrons.

Question 12

What makes a covalent bond nonpolar?

Accepted Answer

The bonded atoms share electrons equally.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about polar covalent bonds?

Accepted Answer

One atom has a partial negative charge due to unequal sharing of electrons.

Question 14

Which type of bond is responsible for holding the hydrogens and oxygen together within a water molecule?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 15

What is the main difference between intramolecular and intermolecular bonds?

Accepted Answer

Intramolecular bonds occur between atoms within the same molecule, while intermolecular bonds occur between atoms of different molecules.

Question 16

Which of the following is a property of anions?

Accepted Answer

They have more electrons than protons.

Question 17

What type of bond is formed when atoms transfer electrons to fill their valence shells?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of radioactive isotopes?

Accepted Answer

Dating fossilized material of once living things.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why water molecules are attracted to each other?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are polar and form hydrogen bonds.

Question 20

A sodium atom loses one electron to become a sodium ion. What is the charge of the resulting ion?

Accepted Answer

$$+1$$

Atoms, Elements, and Chemical Bonding: Foundations of General Chemistry

Study Guide - Practice Questions