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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
McMurry - Chemistry 8th Edition
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook
All textbooksMcMurry 8th EditionCh.4 - Reactions in Aqueous SolutionProblem 3
Chapter 4, Problem 3

What volume of a 2.00 M stock solution of NaOH is required to prepare 50.0 mL of 0.400 M NaOH? (LO 4.4) (a) 15.0 mL (b) 1.00 mL (c) 10.0 mL (d) 4.00 mL

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Identify the formula for dilution: \( C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \), where \( C_1 \) and \( V_1 \) are the concentration and volume of the stock solution, and \( C_2 \) and \( V_2 \) are the concentration and volume of the diluted solution.
Substitute the known values into the equation: \( (2.00 \, \text{M})(V_1) = (0.400 \, \text{M})(50.0 \, \text{mL}) \).
Solve for \( V_1 \) by dividing both sides of the equation by \( 2.00 \, \text{M} \).
Calculate the value of \( V_1 \) to find the volume of the stock solution needed.
Compare the calculated \( V_1 \) with the given options to determine the correct answer.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Molarity (M)

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L). Understanding molarity is crucial for dilutions and preparing solutions, as it allows chemists to quantify how much solute is present in a given volume of solvent.
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Dilution Equation

The dilution equation, often expressed as M1V1 = M2V2, relates the molarity and volume of a concentrated solution (M1 and V1) to the molarity and volume of the diluted solution (M2 and V2). This equation is essential for calculating how much of a stock solution is needed to achieve a desired concentration in a specific volume.
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Volume Conversion

Volume conversion is the process of changing the volume measurement from one unit to another, such as from milliliters to liters. In the context of molarity and dilution, it is important to ensure that all volume measurements are in the same units to accurately apply the dilution equation and calculate the required volumes.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.) What are the molar concentrations of A ions and X ions in a 0.500 M solution of AX3? (LO 4.7) (a) 0.500 M A and 0.500 M X (b) 0.500 M A and 0.167 M X (c) 1.500 M A and 0.500 M X (d) 0.500 M A and 1.500 M X
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Textbook Question
What is the mass of chloride ions in 375.0 mL of solution with a magnesium chloride concentration of 0.250 M? (LO 4.2) (a) 3.32 g (b) 47.3 g (c) 23.6 g d) 6.65 g
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Textbook Question
Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.)

Which of the substances is the weakest electrolyte? (LO 4.6) (a) AX3 (b) AY3 (c) AZ3 (d) All of the substances are strong electrolytes.
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Textbook Question

What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 10.19 g of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) in enough water to produce 250.0 mL of solution? (LO 4.1) (a) 0.8848 M (b) 18.08 M (c) 1.130 M (d) 0.01808 M

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Textbook Question
Which of the following substances will produce a solution that does not conduct electricity when it dissolves in water? (LO 4.6) (a) NaOH (b) HNO3 (c) Na2SO4 (d) CH3OH
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