Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution

McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook

McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Problem 4

Chapter 4, Problem 4

Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.)
Which of the substances is the weakest electrolyte? (LO 4.6)(a) AX3 (b) AY3 (c) AZ3 (d) All of the substances are strong electrolytes.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the molecular representations of AX3, AY3, and AZ3 in the image.

Observe the degree of dissociation of each substance in water. The more dissociated ions present, the stronger the electrolyte.

Compare the number of dissociated ions for each substance. AX3 has fewer dissociated ions compared to AY3 and AZ3.

Determine that the substance with the least number of dissociated ions is the weakest electrolyte.

Conclude that AX3 is the weakest electrolyte based on the visual representation of dissociation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Electrolytes

Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water, allowing the solution to conduct electricity. They can be classified as strong or weak electrolytes based on their degree of ionization. Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes only partially dissociate, resulting in fewer ions in solution.

Molecular Structure and Ionization

The molecular structure of a substance influences its ability to ionize in solution. For example, the presence of polar bonds and the overall geometry can affect how well a compound interacts with water molecules, which in turn impacts its ionization. Understanding the molecular representation of AX3, AY3, and AZ3 is crucial for predicting their behavior as electrolytes.

Comparative Strength of Electrolytes

To determine which substance is the weakest electrolyte, one must compare the extent of ionization of AX3, AY3, and AZ3. This involves analyzing the number of ions produced in solution and their ability to conduct electricity. The substance that produces the least number of ions or has the lowest conductivity is considered the weakest electrolyte.

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Textbook Question

Which of the following solutions will not form a precipitate when added to 10 mL of 0.10 M KOH? (LO 4.10, 4.11)(a) 10 mL of 0.10 NH4Cl (b) 10 mL of 0.10 M PbSO4 (c) 10 mL of 0.10 M Fe(NO3)3 (d) 10 mL of 0.10 M AgCH3CO2

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Textbook Question

Refer to the figure to answer questions 4 and 5. The images are a molecular representation of three different substances, AX3, AY3, and AZ3, dissolved in water. (Water molecules are omitted for clarity.) What are the molar concentrations of A ions and X ions in a 0.500 M solution of AX3? (LO 4.7)(a) 0.500 M A and 0.500 M X (b) 0.500 M A and 0.167 M X (c) 1.500 M A and 0.500 M X (d) 0.500 M A and 1.500 M X

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What is the mass of chloride ions in 375.0 mL of solution with a magnesium chloride concentration of 0.250 M? (LO 4.2)(a) 3.32 g(b) 47.3 g (c) 23.6 gd) 6.65 g

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What is the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving 10.19 g of ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH) in enough water to produce 250.0 mL of solution? (LO 4.1) (a) 0.8848 M (b) 18.08 M (c) 1.130 M (d) 0.01808 M

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What volume of a 2.00 M stock solution of NaOH is required to prepare 50.0 mL of 0.400 M NaOH? (LO 4.4)(a) 15.0 mL(b) 1.00 mL(c) 10.0 mL(d) 4.00 mL

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