Ch. 4 - Applications of Derivatives

Hass15th EditionThomas' CalculusISBN: 9780137616077Not the one you use?Change textbook

Hass 15th Edition

Ch. 4 - Applications of Derivatives

Problem 4.5.10

Chapter 4, Problem 4.5.10

10. Catching rainwater A 1125 ft^3 open-top rectangular tank with a square base x ft on a side and y ft deep is to be built with its top flush with the ground to catch runoff water. The costs associated with the tank involve not only the material from which the tank is made but also an excavation charge proportional to the product xy.
a. If the total cost is c=5(x^2+4xy) + 10xy, what values of x and y will minimize it?
b. Give a possible scenario for the cost function in part (a).

Verified step by step guidance

Step 1: Understand the problem. We need to minimize the cost function c = 5(x^2 + 4xy) + 10xy, where x is the side length of the square base and y is the depth of the tank. The volume of the tank is given as 1125 ft^3, which provides a constraint: x^2 * y = 1125.

Step 2: Express y in terms of x using the volume constraint. From x^2 * y = 1125, solve for y to get y = 1125 / x^2.

Step 3: Substitute y = 1125 / x^2 into the cost function c. This gives c = 5(x^2 + 4x(1125 / x^2)) + 10x(1125 / x^2). Simplify this expression to get a function of x only.

Step 4: Differentiate the cost function with respect to x to find the critical points. Set the derivative equal to zero and solve for x. This will give the value of x that minimizes the cost.

Step 5: Use the second derivative test to confirm that the critical point found is indeed a minimum. Then, substitute the value of x back into y = 1125 / x^2 to find the corresponding value of y.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Optimization in Calculus

Optimization involves finding the maximum or minimum values of a function within a given domain. In this problem, the goal is to minimize the cost function c = 5(x^2 + 4xy) + 10xy, which represents the total cost of building the tank. This requires using techniques such as setting the derivative of the cost function to zero to find critical points and determining which of these points yields the minimum cost.

Partial Derivatives

Partial derivatives are used to analyze functions of multiple variables, like c(x, y) in this problem. They measure how the function changes as one variable changes while keeping others constant. To minimize the cost function, we need to find the partial derivatives with respect to x and y, set them to zero, and solve the resulting system of equations to find the values of x and y that minimize the cost.

Critical Points and Second Derivative Test

Critical points occur where the first derivative (or partial derivatives) of a function is zero or undefined. To determine if these points are minima, maxima, or saddle points, the second derivative test is used. For functions of two variables, this involves evaluating the Hessian matrix at the critical points. If the Hessian is positive definite, the point is a local minimum, which is crucial for confirming the minimum cost configuration in this scenario.

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Related Practice

Textbook Question

Identify the inflection points and local maxima and minima of the functions graphed in Exercises 1–8. Identify the open intervals on which the functions are differentiable and the graphs are concave up and concave down.

8. y = 2cosx - √2x, -π≤x≤3π/2

Textbook Question

Finding Indefinite Integrals

In Exercises 17–56, find the most general antiderivative or indefinite integral. You may need to try a solution and then adjust your guess. Check your answers by differentiation.

∫(4secx tanx − 2 sec²x)dx

Textbook Question

107. Marginal cost The accompanying graph shows the hypothetical cost c=f(x) of manufacturing x items. At approximately what production level does the marginal cost change from decreasing to increasing?

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Textbook Question

Theory and Examples

In Exercises 53 and 54, show that the function has neither an absolute minimum nor an absolute maximum on its natural domain.

y = x¹¹ + x³ + x − 5

Textbook Question

Finding Functions from Derivatives

In Exercises 37–40, find the function with the given derivative whose graph passes through the point P.

f'(x) = 2x − 1, P(0,0)

Textbook Question

Finding Indefinite Integrals

In Exercises 17–56, find the most general antiderivative or indefinite integral. You may need to try a solution and then adjust your guess. Check your answers by differentiation.

∫(−3csc²x)dx